23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to

　　A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections

　　24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?

　　A, prevents new habits form being formed

　　B, no longer emphasizes commonness

　　C, maintains the inherent American thinking model

　　D, complies with the American belief system

　　25. Ryan most probably agree that

　　A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind

　　B. innovativeness could be taught

　　C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

　　D. curiosity activates creative minds

　　Text 2

　　It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results。

　　More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.

　　Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots 。

　　Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA。

　　But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents。

　　Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation。

　　26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________。

　　[A]easy availability

　　[B]flexibility in pricing

　　[C] successful promotion

　　[D] popularity with households

　　27. PTK is used to __________。

　　[A]locate one’s birth place

　　[B]promote genetic research

　　[C] identify parent-child kinship

　　[D] choose children for adoption

　　28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________。

　　[A]trace distant ancestors

　　[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines

　　[C] fully use genetic information

　　[D] achieve the claimed accuracy

　　29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________。

　　[A]disorganized data collection

　　[B] overlapping database building

　　30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________。

　　[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing

　　[B] DNA testing and It’s problems

　　[C]DNA testing outside the lab

　　[D] lies behind DNA testing

　　Text 3

　　The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living。

　　Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job。

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