21. The author of the text is primarily concerned with __________。

　　[A] evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism。

　　[B] comparing various critical approaches to a subject。

　　[C] discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism。

　　[D] summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism。

　　22. The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt __________。

　　[A] evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction。

　　[B] attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors。

　　[C] explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history。

　　[D] assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically。

　　23. The author’s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as __________。

　　[A] pedantic and contentious。

　　[B] critical but admiring。

　　[C] ironic and deprecating。

　　[D] argumentative but unfocused。

　　24. The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatt’s book EXCEPT： __________。

　　[A] rhetorical questions。

　　[B] specific examples。

　　[C] comparison and contrast。

　　[D] definition of terms。

　　25. The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to __________。

　　[A] point out affinities between Rosenblatt’s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism。

　　[B] clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage。

　　[C] qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt’s book made in the first paragraph of the passage。

　　[D] give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt’s work。

　　Text 2

　　Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions — short of a massive shift away from the private automobile — is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol。

　　All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photo chemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have set of heavy fuel tanks — a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency — and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply。

　　Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant。

　　Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with methanol they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution。

　　26. The author of the text is primarily concerned with       [A] countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem. [B] reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem. [C] identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem. [D] discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it。

　　27. According to the text, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel because        [A] the combustion of gasoline releases photo chemically active hydrocarbons.  [B] the combustion of gasoline embraces an intricate set of reactions.  [C] gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure.  [D] gasoline is composed of small molecules。

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