【正确选项解析】[D]由①可知这个理论是未经检验的(untested)，这就意味着“需要可靠的证据证明其有效性”(requires solid evidence for its validity)。所以本题是同义替换之正话反说。

　　【干扰选项分析】[A]与作者对该理论的反对态度矛盾。

　　[B] ③这个理论似乎(seems)可以解释某些流行的趋势，seem这个词表明作者其实是反对这个说法的。

　　[C]偷换概念，偷换了②中的marketer

　　①In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. ② In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all. ③ The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey — whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence — even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. ④Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. ⑤ For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; ⑥and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. ⑦ If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people。

　　【考点分析】①承上启下。研究者推翻了上文的错误观点。②无需看懂。③研究者的理由来自关于社会影响的简单的观察。即使最有影响力的人也不会与太多的人交流。④是two-step-flow theory理论。⑤转折常考出33题。“每一个受影响的人必须要影响他的熟人，他的熟人再影响自己的熟人”，这也就因为是social interaction。

　　33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that __________。

　　[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions。

　　[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media。

　　[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public。

　　[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention。

　　【正确选项解析】[A] 由⑤可知，a social epidemic to occur= the power of influence， his or her own acquaintances=social interaction 可以明确的同义替换。goes with  与…相伴而生。

　　【干扰选项分析】[B]本段没有提到媒体增加人际联系。无中生有。

　　[C] channel(渠道)无中生有

　　[D“大多数名人有很大的媒体影响力”无中生有。

　　34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who __________。

　　[A] stay outside the network of social influence

　　[B] have little contact with the source of influence

　　[C] are influenced and then influence others

　　[D] are influenced by the initial influential

　　【正确选项解析】本题可以看做是指代词具体是指代的对象。指代的对象一定是向前指代，往前找最近的名词。⑤中“每一个受影响的人必须要影响他的熟人，他的熟人再影响自己的熟人”所以these people 就是指这些“被影响并且影响别人的人”

　　【干扰选项分析】[A]“在社会影响的网络之外”与原文相反。

　　[B] 强干扰项。⑥说的是“how many others pay attention to each of these people”与initial influential(= the source of influence)无关，而[B]偷换为“these people”与initial influential(= the source of influence)接触不多。

　　①Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social contagion by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced。

　　【考点分析】

　　35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

　　[A]The eagerness to be accepted

　　[B]The impulse to influence others

　　[C]The readiness to be influenced

　　[D]The inclination to rely on others

　　【正确选项解析】 [C]The readiness to be influenced由本段最后一句可知社会影响的动力要素是：人们影响别人的能力以及被别人影响的倾向性。所以选C。

　　【干扰选项分析】[B] 错在impulse(突如其来的念头)

　　[A]错在accept

　　[D]错在 rely on 。

　　解法二：[B][C] 符合黄二。但是由第四段最后一句：

　　If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people。尤其是resistant可知更强调的是“被影响”

　　TEXT 4

　　(注：本文含有的生词和难句较多，考研阅读的原则是过难的单词和句子一定不会出题，在考场上紧紧抓住能看懂的句子即可，因为文章上下文的意思都是有密切关联的。笔者把本文无需看懂的句子用删除线标出来，以便于学生更好的复习。示例：not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。)

　　第一部分：36题

　　①Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. ②Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. ③Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. ④These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。

　　【考点分析】①②“台面上，银行家们将他们的麻烦归咎于己身，台面下，他们一直把目标对准他人：会计准则制定者。”台上台下，表里不一，暗含了作者对银行家的虚伪的否定，对无辜者standard-setters的同情。③讲具体的抱怨的内容。“银行业抱怨会计规则迫使他们报告巨大损失，认为这不公平。” ④二者相比必出考点。出36题。进一步描述会计规则的内容。“规则认为他们必须以第三方付出价格来评估部分资产的价值，而非按照管理者和监管者期望该资产能够获得的价格。”本句其实只要看懂“These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not”not后面无需看懂，只要知道是与not前面不一样的方法。

　　36. Bankers complained that they were forced to __________。

　　[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules

　　[B] collect payments from third parties

　　[C] cooperate with the price managers

　　[D] reevaluate some of their assets。

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