导读:美国的一项研究显示，一周之内睡眠不足将会增加患糖尿病的风险，但是周末睡睡懒觉可能就会大为不同。
Getting too little sleep during the week can increase some risk factors for diabetes, but sleeping late on weekends might help improve the picture, a small U.S. study suggests.
美国一项小型研究显示，一周之内睡眠不足将会增加患糖尿病的风险，但是周末睡睡懒觉可能就会大为不同。
Researchers conducted a sleep experiment with 19 healthy young men and found just four nights of sleep deprivation were linked to changes in their blood suggesting their bodies weren’t handling sugar as well as usual.
研究者选择了19名身体健康的志愿者，做了一项睡眠实验，发现如果他们连续4晚上睡眠不足的话，他们的血液检查就会发生变化，显示身体无法正常调节血糖。
But then, when they let the men get extra sleep for the next two nights, their blood tests returned to normal, countering the effect of the short-term sleep deprivation.
在随后的两晚上，研究者让志愿者们饱睡了两晚上，他们的血液检测恢复正常，抵消了短期睡眠不足造成的影响。
“It gives us some hope that if there is no way to extend sleep during the week, people should try very hard to protect their sleep when they do get an opportunity to sleep in and sleep as much as possible to pay back the sleep debt,” said lead study author Josaine Broussard of the University of Colorado Boulder.
这项研究的负责人，来自科罗拉多大学波尔得分校的乔丝安·布鲁萨德表示，这给了我们希望，如果在工作时间无法得到充足睡眠，那么人们在能够补眠的时间，就要尽可能地多睡觉，补回丢失的睡眠。
The study doesn’t prove sleeping late every weekend can counter the ill effects of insufficient rest every other night of the week, Broussard cautioned.And it doesn’t prove that catching up on sleep will prevent diabetes.
布鲁萨德提醒，这项实验并没有证明周末睡懒觉绝对可以抵消每周熬夜的坏影响，而且也无法证明补眠就可以不得糖尿病。
“We don’t know if people can recover if the behavior is repeated every week,” Broussard added by email. “It is likely though that if any group of people suffer from sleep loss, getting extra sleep will be beneficial.”
布鲁萨德在邮件中提到，我们不知道如果每个星期都重复这样的模式，人们是否能持续恢复。不过如果有些人经常面临睡眠不足，那么长时间的补眠绝对是有好处的。
To assess the impact of sleep on diabetes risk, Broussard and colleagues focused on what’s known as insulin sensitivity, or the body’s ability to use the hormone insulin to regulate blood sugar. Impaired insulin sensitivity is one risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is associated with age and obesity and happens when the body can’t properly convert blood sugar into energy.
为了评估睡眠和糖尿病之间的关系，布鲁萨德和她的同事们主要关注胰岛素敏感度，以及身体使用胰岛素增敏激素调节血糖的能力。胰岛素敏感度损坏是II型糖尿病的主要致病风险，主要和年龄和肥胖有关系，或是由于身体无法正常地将血液中的血糖转化为能量。
The researchers did two brief sleep experiments. On one occasion, the volunteers were permitted just 4.5 hours of rest for four nights, followed by two evenings of extended sleep that amounted to 9.7 hours on average. On another occasion, the same men were allowed to sleep 8.5 hours for four nights.
研究者做了2个简单的睡眠实验，一种情况是，志愿者连续4晚只睡4.5个小时，随后的2个晚上，可以每晚睡9.7个小时；另外一种情况是，同样的志愿者连续4晚上，都可以睡8.5个小时。
After the four nights of sleep deprivation, the volunteers’ insulin sensitivity had fallen by 23 percent and their bodies had started to produce extra insulin. But when researchers checked again after two nights of extended rest, the men’s insulin sensitivity, and the amount of insulin their bodies produced, had returned to normal, mirroring what was seen during the portion of the experiment when the volunteers consistently got a good nights’ rest.
在经过4个晚上的熬夜之后，志愿者的胰岛素敏感度已经下降了23%，并且他们的身体开始产生额外的胰岛素，但是在2个晚上的补眠之后，这些志愿者的胰岛素敏感度以及身体产生的胰岛素都已经恢复到正常水平，也就是没有熬夜的志愿者所显现的正常水平。
The volunteers were given a calorie-controlled diet to limit the potential for their food and drink choices to influence the outcomes. In the real world, when people don’t get enough sleep they tend to overeat, which may limit how much results from this lab experiment might happen in reality, the authors note in a report scheduled for publication in the journal Diabetes Care.
作者在一篇发表在《糖尿病护理》的文章中备注道，为了减少食物对研究结果的潜在影响，志愿者们被严格限制了饮食。但是，在实际生活中，人们如果熬夜的话，一般都会暴饮暴食，这就影响了我们实验室研究成果在实际生活中发生的可能性。
“The results from the present study are unlikely to be fully reflective of what may occur in persons who are older, overweight or obese, or have other potent risk factors for diabetes,” said James Gangwisch, a researcher at Columbia University who wasn’t involved in the study.
詹姆斯·甘维希，一名未曾参与该项研究的哥伦比亚大学研究员表示，这项研究目前得出的结论不太可能完全反映出，对老人、肥胖人群或者带有其他患糖尿病风险因素的人群的影响。
Chronically sleep-deprived people are more likely to develop other health problems, though, ranging from obesity to high blood pressure to cognitive deficits, the study authors point out.
这项研究的作者指出，长期熬夜的人群更可能产生很多健康问题，从肥胖到高血压，再到认知缺陷等等。
“By catching up on sleep on the weekends, people are reducing average extent and severity of the effects of sleep deprivation,” Gangwisch added by email. “Ideally, we would all get sufficient sleep on a nightly basis.”
詹姆斯·甘维希在他的邮件中也指出，通过周末补眠，人们可以减少睡眠不足带来的影响，但是理想状态，我们应该保证每晚的充足睡眠。
