清华同方教育技术研究院英语研究室特聘教师 北京四中高级教师 齐平昌
众所周知,近年来高考英语出现了许多新的命题现象。而这些新的命题现象在单项填空这一题型中体现得最为突出。例如:
1.I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ____.
A.at last–B.in case–C.once again–D.in time
本题属于倒叙命题。这一角度命题的特点是将原本可以正常表述的内容断开,将后半段提到前面。这一命题方式既考虑了语言交际性的特点,又容易增强命题的隐蔽性,凸现命题的层次感。解题时,可以考虑将题干交代的顺序扶正,或将题干的后半部看作是省略,将其补齐,都可收到良好的效果。
2.Nancy is not coming tonight.
But she ____!
A.promises–B.promised–C.will promise–D.had promised
本题可以从两方面考虑。首先,选项B就相当于“But she promised to come tonight!”;其次,可以从省略角度考虑。将原本可以完整表述的内容,拆成两部分,并设计成对话形式,是今年高考英语单项填空命制上出现的新情况。
3.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A.not make–B.not to make–C.not making–D.do not make
此题的命制依据如下规则:
Not can be used to make short negative clauses which avoid repeating part of the previous clause, often the verb. It is often used in this way to make a correction or distinction:
(1) This may be a day late, not a fortnight, I hope.
(2)
(3) I was laughing, not crying.
(4)
(5) He found it on the floor, not on the shelf.
(6)
(7) See you on the 25th, if not before.
(8)该题“not”的用法很有特点。该用法在高中英语教学中并不多见,但确已成为高考英语单项填空命制的一种思考,值得重视。
4.Alice, you feed the bird today, ____?
–But I fed it yesterday.
A.do you–B. will you–C.didn’t you–D.don’t you
此题由于有“Alice, you”的加入,使答案不能一目了然。此种命题思路强调活用语言和规则,这正是近年高考英语命题出现的一个显著倾向。解题时,可对关键句“Alice, you feed the bird today,”加以转换,以化解难度,澄清脉络,印证答案。“Alice, you feed the bird today, will you?”就相当于“Feed the bird today, will you, Alice?”而选项D“don’t you”则是“You, Alice, feed the bird everyday,”的反意附加形式,故不用。
5.I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A.it–B.that–C.these–D.them
这是it的较难的用法。it在题中指代的内容十分模糊,可以认为是指某种情形。如:Thus when he spoke, it was in a sharper voice.
下面是it其他较难的用法:
(1) Let me come and stay. You may put it that it was arranged before.
(2)
(3) You may depend upon it they are valuable.
(4)
通过对以上典型试题的分析,同学们可以清楚了解近年来高考英语出现的新的命题现象,以更好的备战英语单项填空题型。
附:齐平昌,北京四中高级教师,著名高考研究专家。齐老师十数年来一直战斗在高考复习指导工作的第一线,紧密关注高考动向,形成了风格独特、行之有效的高考复习体系,在全国享有很高的声誉。
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