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2001年高考英语试题第26小题是考查考生对短语动词的掌握情况的，考题如下:
We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it _____ very well.
A. worked out B. tried out
C. went on D. carried on
这道题的得分率很低，绝大多数考生选了C。究其原因是将go on和get on (along)混在一起，二者形似，含义则不同，前者表示“继续”，后者表示“(情况的)进展”，若将C项went on中的on去掉，went就有与got on (along)相同的含义，为正确答案。B项tried out和D项carried on是及物性短语动词，因后无宾语，可排除。剩下A项worked out为正确选项。为何选A项的考生寥寥无几？原因在于只知其一，不知其二，只记课文中出现过的含义(解出，算出)，不重视课外阅读中出现过的多层含义(表示“锻炼；结果”等)。本题worked out相当于turned out，表示某种结果，如: Things worked out quite well (事情的结果很不错。).
从这一考题所透出的信息，至少有以下几方面值得总结:
1.素质教育对中学生英语的要求不是低了，而是更高了；
2.学生至少得自备一本质量较高的英汉词典，勤查广记；
3.教师对词汇、短语的讲解不应只局限于课文中注上的含义，而应注重一语多义的讲解或从本义至引申含义多层性加以拓展。
英语短语动词之于英语语言，就如汉语成语之于汉语语言一样，搭配固定，作用大，数量多，内容丰富。不同之处是汉语成语大多只表达一层含义，英语短语动词则往往表达多层含义，所以有人觉得英语越学越难，原因之一就在于此。现行人教版英语教材提供的英语短语动词很多，如能学好用好，对学生语言水平的提高将起到很大的作用，但课本毕竟不是词典，不可能包罗万象地将所有的含义及用法一一列出。为弥补这一缺憾，本文试图对高中英语课本中一些重要的、含义较多的短语动词进行补充注释，配以例句说明，并注明是及物短语动词(VT)还是不及物短语动词(vi)，希望籍此能对使用这套教材的师生提供一点有意义的参考(注:划线部分为教材中未给出的含义)。
1. see…off: (a)为……送行vt；(b)强迫某人离开某处vt
(b) The farmer saw the boys off with a heavy stick.
2. bring down: (a)降低vt；(b)使着陆vt；(c)打死或打伤(禽兽)vt
(b) The pilot brought his crippled plane down in a field.
(c) He aimed，fired and brought down the antelope.
3. go up: (a)上升，上涨vi；(b)烧毁，炸毁vi
(b) The whole building went up in flames.
4. take up: (a)占vt；(b)继续vt；(c)开始干vt；(d)一起说、唱或喊vt
(b) She took up the narrativeswheresJohn had left off.
(c) They took up the task of getting the truth about our country to the world.
(d) The whole crowd took up the cry:“Long live the King!”
5. pick up: (a)拾起vt；(b)接收vt；(c)用车接某人vt；(d)学会vt；(e)染病vt；(f)买到廉价货vt；(g)好转，改善vi；(h)重新开始，继续vi
(c) He picked up a hitchhiker.
(d) She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.
(e) She picked up a cold yesterday.
(f) She picked up a first edition at a village book sale.
(g) Her health soon picked up after a few daysrest.
(h) We’ll pick upswhereswe finished yesterday.
6. put out: (a)扑灭，熄灭vt；(b)生产vt；(c)出版vt；
(b) The products they put out are of very good quality.
(c) They are constantly putting out new books.
7. call on: (a)拜访vt；(b)邀请……做某事vt
(b) I now call on the chairman to address the meeting.
8. set off: (a)动身，起程vi；(b)使爆炸vt；(c)引起，激发vt；
(b) Do be careful with those fireworks；the slightest touch could set them off.
(c) Panic on the stock market set off a wave of selling.
9. pick out: (a)挑出vt；(b)认出，分辨vt
(b) We could pick out different places in the city from the airplane.
10. refer to: (a)谈到，涉及，有关vt；(b)查询vt；(c)把……提交vt
(b) I referred to my watch for the exact time.
(c) I advise you to refer the patient to a specialist for treatment.
11. clear up: (a)整理，收拾vt；(b)解决vt；(c)放晴vi；(d)医好vt
(b) The teacher cleared up the harder parts of the story.
(c) The weather cleared up after the storm.
(d) The doctor can give you medicine to clear up your skin trouble.
12. put down: (a)记下vt；(b)镇压vt
(b) They had to put down several other revolts before they gained complete contr ol over the country.
13. call in: (a)召来，召集vt；(b)收回vt
(b) The librarian has called in all the books.
14. carry off: (a)夺走vt；(b)赢得某物vt；(c)使死掉vt
(b) She carried off most of the prizes in swimming.
(c) Pneumonia carried him off last winter.
15. work out: (a)算出vt；(b)解决vt；(c)结果好，有效vi；(d)操练vi
(c) If the traffic plan works out，it will be used in other cities.
(d) John works out in the gym two hours every day.
16. turn up: (a)到达，出现vi；(b)发生vi；(c)查vt
(b) I’ll meet you on Friday unless something special turns up.
(c) Not being sure of the word he turned it up in the dictionary.
17. break up: (a)分解，腐蚀vt& vi；(b)解散vt & vi；(c)放假vi；(d)打碎vt & vi
(b) The meeting broke up at eleven oclock.
(c) When do you break up for Christmas?
(d) The ship broke up on the rocks.
18. break down: (a)分解vt&vi；(b)坏了vi；(c)垮了vi；(d)中断vi
(b) They rushed over to help the old man whose car had broken down.
(c) He has completely broken down in health.
(d) Telephone communication with other cities has broken down.
19. break into: (a)破门而入，闯入vt；(b)突然开始vt；(c)用去时间vt
(b) The man brokesintosa run when he saw the police.
(c) All this extra work Im doing is breakingsintosmy leisure time.
20. give out: (a)分发vt；(b)公布，公开vt；(c)用完vi；(d)耗尽vi
(b) Mary gave out that she and Bob were going to be married.
(c) When the food at the party gave out，they bought more.
(d) Toms legs gave out and he couldn’t run any farther.
21. go through: (a)浏览，翻阅vt；(b)经历困难痛苦vt；(c)做完某事vt
(b) Frank went through many dangers during the war.
(c) He did not want to go through college.
参考书籍
1. Oxford Advanced Learner’s EnglishChinese Dictionary
2. A Dictionary of American Idioms
3. A Dictionary of Commonly Used English Verbs
(吴良浩浙江新昌中学教师)
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