1999年试题

　　Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

　　Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46 rules or regulations. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 48. The fewer the injury 49, the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.

　　41.［A］at［B］in［C］on［D］with

　　42.［A］alive［B］vivid［C］mobile［D］diverse

　　43.［A］regulation［B］climate［C］circumstance［D］requirement

　　44.［A］where［B］how［C］what［D］unless

　　45.［A］alter［B］differ［C］shift［D］distinguish

　　46.［A］constituting［B］aggravating［C］observing［D］justifying

　　47.［A］Some［B］Many［C］Even［D］Still

　　48.［A］comes off［B］turns up［C］pays off［D］holds up

　　49.［A］claims［B］reports［C］declarations［D］proclamations

　　50.［A］an advantage［B］a benefit［C］an interest［D］a profit

　　文章大意是讲工业上安全生产的内容。事故发生率较低的公司往往制订了安全生产计划。因人员伤害而损失的时间会保持最低水平。各种有效的安全计划重点很不相同。每种计划都遵循一定的基本思想。安全生产的价值勿庸置疑。

　　解析：

　　41.答案是［D］。根据词语搭配。提示词是rate，需要一个介词构成短语做定语修饰companies。with具有，带有，表示特征，可以引起短语做定语。例子：a girl with red hair一个红发女孩，a person with rich knowledge of Chinese culture一个了解中国文化的人，companies with low accident rate事故率低的公司。［A］at与rate搭配，常用短语：at a ...rate或at the rate of ... 以……速度(比率)。例子：to increase at high rate以高速度增长，The car was going at the rate of 40 miles.汽车以每小时40英里速度行驶。［B］in和［C］on不能构成搭配。

　　42.答案是［A］。根据句子关系和词义。提示词是and和active，and连接两个并列关系的形容词，在意思上应该接近。alive 有活力的，活跃的，与句子中active是同义词。［B］vivid 生动的，深刻的，栩栩如生的。例子：vivid description生动的描述vivid memory生动的记忆，vivid impression深刻的印象。［C］mobile移动的，流动的。例子：mobile work force流动的劳动力，mobile phone移动电话。［D］diverse 种类不同的，各种各样的。例子：people from diverse cultures来自不同文化背景的人，a person with diverse interests兴趣广泛的人。

　　43.答案是［B］。根据上下文句意与词义。提示词是，指前一句制订安全计划，组织实施安全计划，并且使之持久有效的进行下去这一系列工作。climate 气氛，风气。例子：the present political climate当前的政治风气，current climate of opinion现实的舆论气氛。［A］regulation规则，规章，条例。例子：safety regulations安全规章traffic regulations交通规则。［C］circumstance 环境，境况，通常用做复数，强调与某一特定的人或事件相关联的情况。例子：The circumstances forced the general to accept.当时的环境迫使将军不得不同意。［D］requirement 要求，指要求或需要的东西，或规定的事物。常用搭配：meet/satisfy the requirement符合要求，达到规定。

　　44.答案是［A］。根据语法结构和句法分析。这里是一个定语从句，修饰先行词where引导定语从句，做地点状语，等于in which。原句定语从句太长，为了保持句子结构平衡放在了句末。［B］how 如何，引导方式状语从句。［C］what引导主语或宾语从句，不能引导定语从句。［D］unless 除非，引导条件状语从句。

　　45.答案是［B］。根据句意与词语搭配，应该和后面的介词in构成固定短语。搭配differ in在……方面不同，有差异。例子：The brothers differ widely in their tastes.兄弟几个情趣大不相同。［A］alter (性格、性质、大小等的)改变，更改。［C］shift (位置、方向上的)移动和转变。［D］distinguish区分，辨别(不同之处)，常用短语：distinguish A from B/between A and B。例子：The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对双胞胎长得非常像，没有人能分辨得清。

　　46.答案是［C］。根据词语搭配与词义区别。observing遵守，服从(规则、法律等)。例子：observe rules and regulations遵守规章制度，observe the speed limit遵守速度限制，［A］constituting组成，构成(机构、组织等)。例子：constitute a committee成立一个委员会。［B］aggravating (病情、罪过、局势等)加剧，恶化。例子：The lack of rain aggravated the lack of food.降雨稀少使食物匮乏更加严重。［D］justifying 证明正当，认为有理。

　　47.答案是［D］。根据语篇结构。文章中使用结构词some...others...still others阐明各种安全计划的不同。Still符合语篇结构特征。［A］Some、［B］Many和［C］Even不符合文章结构。

　　48.答案是［C］。根据词义。pays off得到报偿，是值得的。例子：Hard work will pay off.努力就有收获。［A］comes off 举行，进行例子：The party came off successfully.晚会很成功。His attempt to break the world record nearly came off.他打破世界记录的努力差点就实现了。［B］turns up 出现，出席；开大。例子：Turn the radio up a little.调大收音机的声音，He didn't turn up for work this morning.他上午没来上班。［D］holds up阻塞，延误。例子：The traffic was held up by fog.大雾使交通阻塞。

　　49.答案是［A］。根据语法结构选词，后面的比较内容insurance rate可作提示，说明这里的选项意思应该与insurance rate同属一类内容。claims索赔。例子：After the accident, she made a claim on her insurance.事故之后，她向保险公司索赔。［B］reports 汇报，报告，［C］declarations宣布，申报。［D］proclamations宣布，声明。

　　50.答案是［D］。根据上下文逻辑关系。句中or是提示词，表示选择关系，说明所连接的两部分语义相反。a profit利润。常用搭配：at a profit赢利和at a loss损失，亏损是反义词。例子：This new invention will bring you great profits.这项新发明会带来巨额利润。［A］an advantage 优势，长处。例子：At the end of an hour's play the advantage lay definitely with our team.经过一小时比赛，我们队已经肯定获得了优势。［B］a benefit利益，好处。例子：Walking is of great benefit to human health.散步对身体健康好处极大。［C］an interest 利益，常用复数。例子：look after individual interests照顾个人利益。

　　解题思路重点回顾：

　　Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates(需要引导后置定语的介词) plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42(后面并列形容词作提示，这里需要active的同义词) and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations(词义搭配)is established 44(应该选一个定语从句的引导词，其先行词是43题的选项) time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

　　Successful safety programs may 45(句意与词语搭配，应该和后面的介词in构成固定短语)greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46(词语搭配，和后面的词构成意思通顺的动宾短语) rules or regulations. 47(结构词，前后两句的主语都是others，需要选择表示递进的词加强语气) others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 48.(句子意思) The fewer the injury 49(比较级选词，后面的比较内容insurance rate可作提示，说明这里的选项意思应该与insurance rate同属一类内容), the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50(后面的or表示反意提示，所以应该选择一个与loss意思相反的词) or at a loss.

　　41.［D］with42.［A］alive43.［B］climate 44.［A］where

　　45.［B］differ46.［C］observing47.［D］Still 48.［C］pays off

　　49.［A］claims50.［D］a profit

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