连接手段是硕士研究生入学考试的重要内容之一。在完形填空试题中经常测试考生正确运用连接手段的能力。连接手段一般包括连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词和关系副词。

　　例1: On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston".

　　A. which　B. where　C. when　D. that

　　[答案] C.when

　　[注释]本题测试下列句型："主语+谓语(过去进行时或过去完成时) +其它成分+when+主语+谓语(一般过去时)+其他成分"。该句型中when引导的分句表示分句行为发生的突然性, when常译为"就在这时"。例如：I had nearly arrived at the town when he suddenly asked me: "Do you speak English?"

　　[译文]在一个下雨天，我正驾车通过Vermont，就在这时我突然注意到一个年轻人举着一块牌子，上面写着"波士顿"。

　　例2: The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me she could remember who last borrowed it.

　　A. ever since　B. much as 　C. even though　D. if only

　　[答案] D. if only

　　[注释] if only与only if不同，if only引导的从句中谓语要用虚拟语气。only if只是if的强调形式。

　　[译文]借阅处的年长的图书馆员答应帮我弄到这本书，只要他记得谁最后一次借这本书。

　　例3: No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything going on in the world.

　　A. it is　B. as is　C. there is　D. what is

　　[答案] C. there is

　　[注释] there is going on in the world是定语从句，修饰everything,在there be句型作定语从句时，作主语的关系代词往往省略。going on in the world在定语从句中作被省略的主语的补足语。又如：This is the only one (that) there is sitting at the desk in the room.

　　[译文]没有一个人会有时间去阅读或收听介绍世界上正在发生的每一件事情。

　　例4: We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style a personal one.

　　A. rather than　B. other than　C. better than　D. less than

　　[答案] A. rather than

　　[注释] rather than意为"而不是"。other than : 1) (=except)除了(表示所说的不包括在内)：He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. (他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。) She has no close friends other than me. (她除了我以外没有别的好朋友。) 2) (=different or differently from; not)不同于；而不: I have never known him behave other than selfishly.(我只知道他一向自私自利。) She seldom appears other than happy. (她很少有不高兴的。) [ALD]style此处意为"文体"。

　　[译文]我们学到，公务信函应该用正式文体写，而不是用私人文体写。

　　例5: Prof. Lee's book will show you can be used in other contexts.

　　A. that you have observed　B. that how you have observed

　　C. how that you have observed　D. how what you have observed

　　[答案] D. how what you have observed

　　[注释] how修饰can be used。what you have observed作can be used的主语。

　　[译文]李教授的书将向你指出,你已经观察到的现象怎样才能用到其他环境中去。

　　例6: You can arrive in Bejing earlier for the meeting you don't mind taking the night train.

　　A. provided　B. unless　C. though　D. until

　　[答案] A. provided

　　[注释] provided (假如)作连词,表示规定条件,从句中的谓语动词只能用陈述语气,不能用虚拟语气。

　　[译文]假如你不在意乘夜班火车，你可以早一点到达北京开会。

　　例7: Most electronic devices of this kind, manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed.

　　A. that are　B. as are　C. which is　D. it is

　　[答案] B. as are

　　[注释] as作关系代词,引导定语从句,表示和先行词同类的事物。

　　[译文]为这样的用途所制造的许多这类电子装置包装严实。

　　例8: Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, obtaining water is not the least.

　　A. of which　B. for what　C. as　D. whose

　　[答案] A. of which

　　[注释] of which意为"在这些问题之中"。not the least意为"最重要的"。

　　[译文]生活在澳大利亚中部沙漠中会遇到各种困难，其中之一是如何得到水。

　　例9: the nature of aging process is better understood, the possibility of discovering a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote.

　　A. If only　B. When　C. Unless　D. Until

　　[答案] C. Unless

　　[译文]如果没有更好地了解衰老过程的本质,那么发明一种药来阻止衰老的基本过程的可能性似乎是十分渺茫的。

　　例10: Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.

　　A. so that　B. but that　C. in that　D. provided that

　　[答案] C. in that

　　[注释] in that (=because)因为; so that因此；but that要不是；provided that假如，只要。

　　[译文]氢是宇宙中的基本元素，因为它提供了生成其它元素的构成成分。

　　例11: The engineers are going through with their highway project, the expenses have risen.

　　A. even though　B. just because　C. now that　D. as though

　　[答案] A. even though

　　[注释] even though (=even if)即使。go through with (=continue firmly to the end, complete)把……坚持到底,完成。例如:I don't think that he will go through with his plan. (我认为他不会坚持完成他的计划。)

　　[译文]工程师们正坚持完成他们的公路工程项目,即使费用巳经上升了。

　　例12: is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

　　A. What　B. That　C. It　D. As

　　[答案] D. As

　　[注释] as是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，代表后面整个主句的意思。

　　[译文]普遍认为，经济增长取决于生产的迅速发展。

　　例13: In debating, one must correct the opponent's facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that what he presents as proof, relevant, is sufficient.

　　A. unless　B. though　C. since　D. as

　　[答案] B. though

　　[注释] though引导省略的让步状语从句。

　　[译文]在辩论过程中，一方必须纠正对方的论据，否定其证据的贴切性，或否定对方作为证据提出来的理由是充分的，尽管这种理由是中肯的。

　　例14: It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health, wealth and happiness to elements with very names the general public are unfamiliar.

　　A. whose　B.which　C. whom　D. those

　　[答案] A. whose

　　[注释] whose的先行词是elements。the public作主语，谓语可以用第3人称单数或复数。

　　[译文]我们很快将把我们的健康、财富和幸福托付给一般人都不知其名的几种元素，这种说法也许不算夸张。

　　例15: The speaker claimed that no other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health the United States does.

　　A. that　B. than　C. as　D. which

　　[答案] C. as

　　[注释] as引导比较状语从句,例如: I have never seen so much rain as fell that February. (我从未见过像那个二月下的那么多雨。)本句属"... not so+形容词原级+ as ..."句型。只是题中否定转移到了名词上，例如：No book is so interesting as this one.

　　[译文]那位演讲者声称，没有哪个现代化国家像美国那样在公共事业资助和保健方面投入其财富的比例如此之小。

　　例16: If individuals are awakened they begin a dream phrase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.

　　A. as though　B. now that　C. in that　D. each time

　　[答案] D. each time

　　[注释] each time在从句中作连词，引导时间状语从句,意为"每当"。

　　[译文]如果当睡眠的人每次开始进入梦乡时就被叫醒，即使他们的睡眠总量是足够的，他们也很可能变得烦躁易怒。

　　例17: , he does get irritated with her sometimes.

　　A. As he likes her much　B. Much though he likes her

　　C. Though much he likes her　D. Much as he likes her

　　[答案] D. Much as he likes her

　　[注释] much as (=though)是复合连词,意为"虽然"。如把much视为副词作状语,修饰likes,则构成"副词或表语形容词+though (或as) +主语+谓语"的句型,例如:Small though (or as) the molecule is, the atom is much smaller than it. (尽管分子小,原子比它还要小得多。)

　　注：笔者认为，从语法结构上看，B也是对的。不过在美国英语中已把much as视为复合连词(参阅韦氏大辞典第9版)。

　　[译文]虽然他很喜欢她，但他确实有时也对她发火。

　　例18: Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.

　　A. or　B. and　C. for　D. so

　　[答案] B. and

　　[注释] and可以用来连接两个分句,前一个分句用第二人称命令式，后面一个分句表示结果,这种句型常译为:"只要……，就会……"。例如: Go straight on, and you'll see a post office. (只要一直往前走,你就会看到一个邮局。)

　　[译文]只要你和医药工业中的任何人谈一谈，你就马上会发现，遗传科学是自青霉素发现以来促进药物研究的最重大事件。

　　例19: Water will continue to be it is today - next in importance to oxygen.

　　A. how　B. which　C. as　D. what

　　[答案] D. what

　　[注释] what作is的表语; what连接的从句作to be的表语。

　　[译文]水将继续保持它今天的地位--在重要性方面仅次于氧。

　　例20: Mercury's velocity is so much greater than the Earth's that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time takes the Earth to complete one.

　　A. it　B. that　C. as　D. which

　　[答案] A. it

　　[注释]本题中that是关系副词,作度量状语,引导定语从句, that可以省略。it是形式主语，实际主语是to complete one。

　　[译文]水星的运行速度比地球的运行速度快得多，因此水星绕太阳转4圈多所花的时间是地球绕太阳转一圈的时间。

　　例21: The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds,could go penniless by next year.

　　A. the larger one　B. the larger of which

　　C. the largest one　D. the largest of which

　　[答案] B. the larger of which

　　[注释]因为前面有two,所以不能选D。A错是因为没有连接手段。

　　[译文]社会保障退休计划是由两笔信托基金组成的，其中数额较大的一笔基金到下一年可能会分文不值。

　　例22: The chief reason for the population growth isn't so much a rise in birth rates a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.

　　A. and　B. as　C. neither　D. or

　　[答案] B. as

　　[注释] not so much ... as ....与其说……不如说……。

　　[译文]人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改进而使死亡率下降。

　　例23: Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true it comes to classroom tests.

　　A. before　B. as　C. since　D. when

　　[答案] D. when

　　[注释] when it comes to sth.是固定句型，意为"当谈到……时"。

　　[译文]做家庭作业是提高考试成绩的可靠方法，并且在谈到课堂测试时这尤为正确。

　　例24: There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter he does.

　　A. how　B. where　C. what　D. when

　　[答案] C. what

　　[注释] no matter what(=whatever)引导让步状语从句。what作he does的宾语。

　　[译文]这个城市中有100多所夜校，这使专业人员能得到进修，不管他是从事什么工作的。

　　例25: can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.

　　A. As　B. What　C. That　D. It

　　[答案] A. As

　　[注释] as是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，代表后面整个主句的意思。

　　[译文]从这些数字的比较中可以看出，这条原则涉及到在改善病人的病情中病人必须积极参与。

　　例26: California has more light than it knows to do with but everything else is expensive.

　　A. how　B. what　C. which　D. where

　　[答案] B. what

　　[注释] do with多和what连用，意为"(怎样)处理，安排，办"，常有较灵活的译法。例如：I forget what I did with his letter.(我忘了我是怎么处理他的信的。)

　　[译文]加里福尼亚的阳光多得它不知怎么处理,但其他东西却很贵。

　　例27: Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run on alternative fuels, the cars won't catch on in a big way drivers can fill them up at the gas station.

　　A. when　B. though　C. unless　D. because

　　[答案] C. unless

　　[注释] catch on意为"流行起来"。

　　[译文]即使汽车制造商改进为商业销售而生产的汽车,以便靠代用燃料运行,但是如果司机不能在加油站加到这种燃料,那么这种汽车是无法大批销售的。

　　例28: I'll give this dictionary to wants to have it.

　　A. whomever　B. someone　C. whoever　D. anyone

　　[答案] C. whoever

　　[注释] whoever(=anyone who)是连接代词,引导的从句作to的宾语, whoever在从句中作主语。

　　[译文]谁想要这本词典，我就给谁。

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