| 四、高级阅读理解试题练习 | ||
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| http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/05/29 15:42 北航出版社 | ||
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(此章节共有文章45篇) 本节阅读理解属于应试性练习，大部分文章取材于近年考研试题，部分文章取材于英美报刊，试题由作者自编,文章和试题难度较大。考生应按照规定的阅读速度(每篇13-15分钟)进行操练。要做到把握主题抓红线，针对问题找信息。阅读方法是查阅法，即根据题目搜索有关的信息，与题目关系不大的内容一带而过，以便有的放矢、提高速度。考生在练习时
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points) Text1 The American economic system is organized around a basically privateenterprise,marketoriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a marketoriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by sellerproducers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerproducers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a privateenterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 1. In Para. 1, "the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes" means . A. Americans are never satisfied with their incomes B. Americans tend to overstate their incomes C. Americans want to have their incomes increased D. Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 2. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that . A. producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production B. consumers can express their demands through producers C. producers decide the prices of products D. supply and demand regulate prices 3. According to the passage, a privateenterprise economy is characterized by . A. private property and rights concerned B. manpower and natural resources control C. ownership of productive resources D. free contracts and prices 4. The passage is mainly about . A. how American goods are produced B. how American consumers buy their goods C. how American economic system works D. how American businessmen make their profits Text2 One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bankissued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon - it's already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computeranalyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 5. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to . A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes B. obtain more convenient services than other people do C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper D. cash money wherever he wishes to 6. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that . A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before 7. The phrase "ring up sales" (in Para. 2) most probably means "". A. make ansgroupsof goodsB. record sales on a cash register C. call the sales managerD. keep track of the goods in stock 8. What is this passage mainly about? A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers. B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business. C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises. D. Advantages of credit cards in business. Text3 Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding - the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. "All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children - the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children - disabled or not - to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 9. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that . A. the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society B. exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are C. exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society D. the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 10. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that . A. they are expected to be leaders of the society B. they might become a burden of the society C. they should fully develop their potentials D. disabled children deserve special consideration 11. This passage mainly deals with . A. the differences of children in their learning capabilities B. the definition of exceptional children in modern society C. the special educational programs for exceptional children D. the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 12. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children . A. is now enjoying legal support B. disagrees with the tradition of the country C. was clearly stated by the country's founders D. will exert great influence over court decisions
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