完形填空是一项比较新的测试项目。它是以格式塔心理学(Gestalt Psychology)和心理语言学(Psycholinguistics)为理论基础的综合性测试(Integrative Test),即从语篇(Discourse)的水平上来测试考生综合运用语言知识,特别是词汇知识的能力。研究生英语入学考试的完形填空,要求考生在全面理解文章内容的基础上,选择一个最佳答案,使短文的意思和结构完整、合理。

　　考生在应试完形填空题时,要从语篇的上下文中注意词语的四个搭配关系:逻辑搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配和语义搭配。

　　下面从实例来解析上述四种搭配关系：

　　Mr. Smith, a passenger on the transcontinental train, appeared before the judge. A police officer claimed he had attempted to 1paying his fare. The defendant refused to consult a lawyer 2 suggested that the officer was not aware 3 all the circumstances. He appealed4 the judge, when interpreting the evidence, to 5sintosaccount the absence of any 6 criminal record in his 7. His ticket, he said, was stolen 8 before the train crossed the international 9. At that time and in that territory he was unwilling to 10the incident to the local railway authorities or cancel the 11 of his journey, in 12 of the severe maltreatment(粗暴对待) to which he might be 13. He emphasized his readiness to14 any15 punishment the judge imposed.

　　In his summary the 16 indicated he was convinced that Smith's 17 was partly justified. Technically, 18, he had committed an offence. Crime must not be encouraged or the processes of the law interfered 19. He found Smith 20 and fined him one dollar.

　　1. A. avoid B. reject C. refuse D. neglect

　　2. A. who B. while C. and D. because

　　3. A. about B. for C. with D. of

　　4. A. for B. to C. against D. towards

　　5. A. take B. get C. make D. keep

　　6. A. primitive B. precious C. previous D. precise

　　7. A. situation B. accident C. condition D. case

　　8. A. immediately B. generally C. largely D. shortly

　　9. A. borders B. edges C. sides D. ranges

　　10. A. propose B. mention C. suggest D. complain

　　11. A. last B. rest C. most D. latest

　　12. A. view B. spite C. case D. relation

　　13. A. objected B. accused C. charged D. exposed

　　14. A. receive B.accept C. admit D. acquire

　　15. A. regular B. respective C. reasonable D. relative

　　16. A. passenger B. judge C. officer D. author

　　17. A. suggestionB. cause C. reason D. excuse

　　18. A. therefore B. moreover C. otherwise D. however

　　19. A. in B. with C. of D. for

　　20. A. guilty B. sorry C. crazy D. rude

　　1.[答案]A.

　　[注释]本题测试词义型结构搭配。从结构上看avoid后要求接名词或动名词;从语义上看avoid paying the fare (=evade paying the fare)逃票。故正确答案应为A。而reject (=refuse to accept)不采纳; refuse (to do sth.)拒绝、不肯(做某事); neglect (=pay no attention to)疏忽。从结构搭配和语义搭配上看,reject，refuse和neglect均不合题意。

　　2.[答案]C.

　　[注释]本题测试逻辑搭配。从结构上分析B.while和D.because均不合题意;A.who和C.and在结构上似乎都讲得通,但从上下文逻辑意思上看,应选C。

　　3.[答案]D.

　　[注释]本题测试结构搭配。be aware of意识到、觉察到。

　　4.[答案]B.

　　[注释]本题测试结构搭配。appeal to sb. to do sth.(=make an earnest request)恳求,呼吁某人做某事。但appeal to sb./sth.对某人或某事有吸引力,如：The novel appeals to me。

　　5.[答案]A.

　　[注释]本题测试惯用搭配。take ...into account考虑到。

　　6.[答案]C.

　　[注释]本题测试语义搭配。primitive原始的, precious珍贵的, previous以前的、早先的, precise精确的。这些词是易混淆词,要注意上下文中的语义搭配。

　　7.[答案]D.

　　[注释]本题测试语义搭配。case此处意为"案件",其他选择项均不合题意。

　　8.[答案]D.

　　[注释]本题测试逻辑型语义搭配。immediately后接after, immediately after (=once)一……之后。而shortly before则意为"刚……以前, "。generally一般来说; largely主要地,均不合题意。

　　9.[答案]A.

　　[注释]本题测试语义搭配。边界border, edge边缘, side边、方面, range范围。根据上下文的语义联系,应选A. borders。

　　10.[答案]B.

　　[注释]本题测试语义搭配。propose提出, mention(=make a reference to)提起、提到, suggest提议, complain抱怨。

　　11.[答案]B.

　　[注释]本题测试逻辑型语义搭配。根据上下文的逻辑意思,此处应填rest; the rest of his journey意为"他的剩余的旅程"。

　　12.[答案]A.

　　[注释]本题测试惯用搭配。in view of (=considering)鉴于、由于,如：In view of the facts, it seems useless to continue.(由这些事实看来,继续下去似乎是无用的。)

　　13.[答案]D.

　　[注释]本题测试结构型语义搭配。be exposed to sth.面临……；从结构搭配和语义搭配看,应选exposed。

　　14.[答案]B.

　　[注释]本题测试语义搭配。应选accept接受。receive收到；admit承认、允许进入；acquire获得,均不合题意。

　　15.[答案]C.

　　[注释]本题测试语义搭配。应选reasonable合情理的。regular有规律的；respective各自的；relative相关的、相对的，均不合题意。

　　16.[答案]B.

　　[注释]本题测试逻辑搭配。从上下文的逻辑意思看,此处应填judge(法官),故属于逻辑搭配。

　　17.[答案]C.

　　[注释]本题测试逻辑型语义搭配。reason (for)(解释某事的)原因或理由,如：the reason for one's absence某人缺席的原因; cause (of)……的缘故、起因(相对后果而言),如：the cause of the war战事的起因。excuse借口。

　　18.[答案]D.

　　[注释]本题测试逻辑搭配。however是过渡词,表示上下文意思的转折。考生在选择过渡词时,必须理解文章上下文的逻辑联系。

　　19.[答案]B.

　　[注释]本题测试结构搭配。interfere with妨碍，打扰；interfere in干涉、干预。本句中省略了一些成分,本来应为：or the processes of the law must not be interfered with。

　　20.[答案]A.

　　[注释]本题测试逻辑型语义搭配。从文章逻辑意思上看, Smith是"有罪的",故应选guilty。

　　综上所述，完形填空的解题要领是：把握主题，瞻前顾后，抓住红线，区别词义，注意结构，考虑惯用，统观全文，查缺补漏。

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