2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题分析_新浪教育

2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题分析

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/06/27 11:42 外研社

　　Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension

　　Part A［答案］

　　11876 21981 3textiles 419，1375concerts

　　［录音文稿］

　　Boston Museum of Fine Arts is a privately funded museum of fine arts. It was founded in 1870, and open to public in 1876. Originally housed in Copply Square, the museum moved in 1909 to its current location, in another district in Boston.

　　The building was designed by American architect Guy Lowell, and features a grand dome with ceiling paintings by American painter John Singer Sergeant. The most recent addition to the building is its west wing, designed by a Chinese American architect and completed in 1981.

　　The museum is dividedsintosnine departments, including classical, ancient Egyptian, decorative arts and sculpture, paintings, contemporary and, the most remarkable one, textiles.The collections range from ancient history to the present and include such pieces as the Silver Liberty Bowl, portraits of George Washington and Martha Washington, painted by Gilbert Charles Steward and a number of works by French painter Claude Monet.

　　The gallerys exhibition space is 19,137m2. About 800,000 people visit the museum each year. In addition to its galleries, collections and travelling exhibitions, the museum provides programs that include classes, lectures, concerts and films for adults, children and families.

　　Part B［答案］

　　6(the couple) themselves

　　7constructively

　　8a qualified psychologist

　　9good intentions

　　10absence

　　［录音文稿］

　　W：When a couple runssintosmarriage problems,swheresshould they turn?

　　M：The primary source of help should be the couple themselves. The last book I wrote, Four Weekends to an Ideal Marriage, describes how people can strengthen communication by setting aside a special time or place to meet and discuss their relationship. If they cannot communicate verbally, they might at least write down a list of things that they feel have gone wrong in the marriage. The idea is to discuss these matters constructively, not to be vicious in the criticism. Some church groups have been very successful with marriage encounter weekends that help couples with this process.

　　W：What if a couple cant work things out for themselves?

　　M：If people feel so bitter that they cannot even talk with each other, they should consider very seriously a "qualified" psychologist. And I stress "qualified", because there are a lot of unqualified people out there who can make things worse. The best approach I believe is to ask your family physician. If you areshavingssome family problems or marriage problems, who would you seek out? In the main priests, despite good intentions, are not successful in counselling troubled couples, except for those who had special training in the behavioural sciences. If these two approaches do not work, then maybe the only solution is a divorce. This is particularly true if one of the parties simply refuses to work toward repairing the marriage, orshavingsgone through counselling does not want to implement the ideas suggested.

　　W：How useful are trial separations？

　　M：There is value only if during the course of the separation the parties are actively doing something to come close together and to find solutions to their problems. Merely relying on the old notion that absence will make the heart grow fonder never works.

　　Part C［答案］

　　11D12A13D14B15C

　　16B17B18C19A20D

　　［录音文稿］-1

　　If you feel tired all the time, you dont necessarily need to go to bed earlier-the solution could be as simple as taking a five-minute afternoon nap.

　　Children under five have an abundance of energy and one of the reasons is because they nap once or twice a day. Many sleep experts think were programmed to take a nap during the day, and getting backsintosthis habit can be a solution for those who feel tired all the time.

　　Prof Chris Idzikowski of the Sleep Advisory and Assessment Centre thinks that one can feel refreshed after just five minutessleep. And research has shown that concentration and attention are improved after even a short nap.

　　Sleep is genetically programmed in babies and its only as we get older that we learn to sleep for about eight hours a night and not at all during the day. But most research suggests that we are not physically designed to sleep for one long, single block.

　　Before the working day became nine to five, all Western sleep patterns were more broken up. Research has shown that in the Middle Ages, peoples sleep quite often occurred in three distinct parts-a nap in the afternoon, an early morning nap and another, longer sleep until dawn.

　　So if you do find yourself feeling sleepy through the day, dont feel youre being lazy by giving in to sleep andshavingsa nap. Your increased energy and alertness will make the rest of your day extra productive.

　　［录音文稿］-2

　　W：Good morning, Dr. Sherman Alexie. Lets talk about your life.swheresdo you come from?

　　M：I come from the Rez, an Indian reservation. I grew up there, lived there until 18. I lived on and off the reservation for the next 6 or 7 years during college. I lived there after I graduated and worked at a high school exchange program. I thought I do that kind of job to support my writing, day jobs that require no emotional investment beyond 8 hours a dayswheresI would not need to bring work home. I did not want to be part of management or anybody important on the job. I wanted to be completely replaceable. That is what I thought I would be doing for most of my life and writing. Then I got a grant and my first book got a front page review in the New York Times Book Review.

　　W：When did writing enter your life?

　　M：Books have always been in my life. My dad loved books and most of what he read were westerns, spy novels, mysteries. I grew up loving books, copying my dads love for books. But nobody had showed me a book written by an Indian, not even one piece of a poem. Nothing. At that time, I was going to be a physician. I loved maths and science. I got to college, could not handle physiology, and was looking around for options and took a poetry writing class for fun.

　　W：Poetry was your way in?

　　M：ThatsswheresI started. I took the class and honestly I thought poetry would be an easy grade. But I completely underestimated poetry and what it would do to me, and a realm of possibility for it. I took the class and was hooked about ten minutes after reading my first contemporary poem.

　　［录音文稿］-3

　　In public speaking, the watchword is preparation. Most of us tend to put things off, at least occasionally. Its so easy to put things off, especially those things we do not look forward to doing. So if a speaking engagement is several weeks off, we may feel we still have plenty of time. But as the day draws closer, we begin to panic.

　　Do not let this happen to you. Start preparing as soon as you are given or accept the speaking assignment. You have much to do and to do it right will take time. How much better your speech will be, how much better you will feel, if you have taken the time to do it right. When you are prepared, you have gathered the needed data, determined what is appropriate to the listenersunderstanding and acceptance levels, organized the ideas so they flow logically, selected examples and other supports for your ideas, and made them interesting to your listeners. Develop a great opening that you know will catch the attention of even daydreamers in your audience.Check out the room you will be speaking. Request any feasible changes which you wish in the setup of the room. If you are prepared, you are confident you can best convey your message to your listeners.

　　If you have waited until a few days before your presentation to begin to prepare, or worse yet the day before, no doubt you will be anxious,and with good reasons. Now there is not enough time to engage in more than a superficial attempt. Both you and your audience will feel uncomfortable. Like retirement planning, it is never too early to start preparing for your presentation. So start preparing right away.

　　SectionⅡUse of English

　　21［答案］A［考点］短语give thought to的用法

　　［分析］本题要求考生判断在四个选项中哪一个能与give…to构成短语。在英语中give thought to(给予考虑)是一个固定搭配，如：I gave much thought to what he said yesterday.(我对他昨天说的那番话作了许多考虑)。其中的thought不能替换为别的词汇，因此［B］idea和［C］opinion应该排除。［D］advice(忠告)填入空缺后，结构上可以讲得通，但意义上不符合要求。

　　22［答案］B［考点］动词accommodate的特殊意义

　　［分析］本句相关的部分说，老师应该注意青少年所面临的感情上、思想上和身体上的变化，他们须认真考虑这些青少年如何能够……这些变化。这里所需要的动词应该是"适应"。

　　本题要求考生判断在四个选项中哪一个有"适应"的意思。在所提供的选项中，四个动词四个方向，意思各不相同。只有［B］accommodate(留宿，收容)有"适应"的意思。

　　23［答案］C［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］本句相关部分说，成长的身体需要运动和……，但不仅仅是在强调竞赛的方面需要这些。本题要求考生判断在四个选项中哪一个是身体成长的时候所需要的另一样东西。

　　身体成长的时候需要的东西很多，从某种意义上说，选项中所提到的四种东西都是需要的，但是文章上下文对这里所需要的东西进行了限定，那就是它必须与竞赛有关。在四个选项中，只有［C］exercise(锻炼)可以用于竞赛，因此它是正确答案。

　　24［答案］D［考点］逻辑关系

　　［分析］本句相关部分说，……他们正在适应他们变化的身体和大量新的智力和感情的挑战，这些青少年自我意识特别强烈。本题要求考生判断两个句子之间是什么逻辑关系。

　　从上下文看，两个句子之间显然是因果关系，即由于这些青少年正在适应新的情况，因此他们的自我意识特别强烈。在四个选项中［A］If表示条件关系，［B］Although和［C］Whereas表示转折关系，只有［D］Because表示因果关系。

　　25［答案］C［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］本句相关部分说，需要由获得成功而得到的……。它要求考生判断四个选项中哪一样东西可以从成功中得到。

　　选项有［A］assistance(帮助)，［B］guidance(引导)，［C］confidence(自信)和［D］tolerance(容忍)。一般来讲，获得成功后，我们常常得到自信，而不是"帮助"，"指引"或"容忍"。因此［C］选项是正确答案。

　　26［答案］B［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］本句相关部分说，青少年需要自信，自信来自成功，也来自他们的成绩受到别人……。这里所需要的动词应该是"羡慕"、"仰慕"。因为只有自己的成绩受到别人羡慕时，自己才会有一种自信。

　　本题要求考生判断四个选项中哪一个是"羡慕"、"仰慕"的意思。四个选项为［A］claimed(索取)，［B］admired(羡慕)，［C］ignored(忽视)和［D］surpassed(超越)。显然，正确答案是［B］。

　　27［答案］D［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］本句相关部分说，青少年典型的生活中已经充满了许多竞争，因此在策划的活动中胜者多败者少是……。这里所需要的意思是正面的，而不是反面的，因此可以排除［A］improper(不恰当的)和［B］risky(有危险的)。

　　在剩下的［C］fair(公平的)和［D］wise(明智的)中，后者显然更符合句意，因为这里的问题并不是公平不公平，而是明智不明智。由于青少年生活已经充满竞争，因此在活动中让胜者多一些是明智的。

　　28［答案］C［考点］逻辑关系

　　［分析］本句相关部分说，要策划一些胜者多败者少的活动，接着又说，出版学生刊物时多发表一些学生写的书评等等。本题要求考生判断两部分之间是什么逻辑关系。

　　从上下文看，两部分是例证的关系，因为"发表学生写的书评"显然是"胜者多败者少的活动"的例子。四个选项中，［C］for example(例如)表示例证关系，是正确选项。其他选项［A］in effect(实际上)，［B］as a result(结果)和［D］in a sense(在某种意义上讲)都不符合句意。

　　29［答案］A［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］本句前边提到要策划一些胜者多败者少的活动，其中一种活动就是"……学生创作的艺术品"。这里所需要的动词应该是"展示"。

　　本题要求考生判断在选项中哪一个是"展示"的意思。四个选项为［A］displaying(展示)，［B］describing(描写)，［C］creating(创造)和［D］exchanging(交换)。显然只有［A］符合句意。

　　30［答案］D［考点］近义形容词辨析

　　［分析］本句的相关部分说，各种小型俱乐部都可以为训练领导才能提供……机会。它要求考生判断小型俱乐部可以为训练领导才能提供什么样的机会。

　　在选项中有［A］durable(持久耐用的)，［B］excessive(过多的)，［C］surplus(多余的)和［D］multiple(众多的)。显然只有［D］选项最符合句意。

　　31［答案］A［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］本句的相关部分说，各种小型俱乐部都可以为训练领导才能提供多种机会，也在成功地处理……动态关系方面提供练习。本题要求考生判断学生应该学习处理什么样的动态关系。

　　dynamics意为"动力学"，"动态关系"。选项中有［A］group(小组)，individual(个人)，personnel(全体人员)和corporation(公司)。"个人"和"动态关系"两个概念相互矛盾，"全体人员"和"公司"不适合文章谈论的对象。对于学校学生来说，在"小组动态关系"方面提供练习的说法比较合理，因此，［A］group为正确答案。

　　32［答案］D［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］本句相关部分说，交朋友对青少年极端重要，许多腼腆的学生都需要某种团体所提供的……。本题要求考生判断"团体"能够为腼腆的学生提供什么。

　　在选项中有consent(同意)，insurance(保证)，admission(接纳)和security(安全感)。腼腆的学生所需要的显然是"安全感"，而不是"同意"，"保证"和"接纳"。因为腼腆的学生需要交朋友，需要加入某种团体以获得安全感。

　　33［答案］B［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］前文提到，腼腆的学生需要一定的安全感，现在文章又解释说，这种安全感来自一位成人在背后……能够看见的地方提供支持。本题要求考生判断这个成人是在背后什么样的地方提供支持。

　　选项中有particularly(特别)，barely(仅仅)，definitely(肯定)和rarely(很少，难得)。根据题意，青少年需要成人的支持，但不需要成人的参与，因此"特别"和"肯定"都不合适。但是，成人又不能离开或不在场，因此，"很少，难得"也不合适。成人必须在场，但又在不显眼的地方，因此"仅仅能够看见"符合题意。

　　34［答案］D［考点］常识的运用

　　［分析］本句中的attention span意为"注意力的持续时间"。本题要求考生判断青少年的注意力持续时间是长还是短。

　　按常理，青少年一般比较好动，往往不能持续地关注某一件事。据说，小学生注意力的持续时间大约为半小时，超过半小时后，他们就不能够集中精力。随着年龄的增长，人的注意力持续时间会增长，成人一般能够持续工作3-4小时。在此题中，文章讨论的是青少年的问题，因此应该选择［D］short。即"青少年的注意力持续时间较短"。

　　35［答案］C［考点］逻辑关系

　　［分析］本句前一部分意为"应该组织各种各样的活动"；后一部分意为"参加者愿意活动多久就活动多久"。本题要求考生判断两部分之间是什么逻辑关系。

　　从上下文看，两者之间的关系是手段与目的的关系，即"应该组织各种各样的活动"，以便让"参加者愿意活动多久就活动多久"。选项［A］if only意为"如果……该有多好"。如：If only he comes on time.(要是他准时来就好了！)选项［B］now that意为"既然"，如：Now that everyone is here，lets start the meeting.(既然所有人都到了，我们开会吧。)选项［D］even if意为"即使"，如：Even if he came，the result would be the same.(即使他来了，结果还是会一样。)只有选项［C］so that(以便，以致)表示目的，符合题意，是正确选项。

　　36［答案］D［考点］语法知识

　　［分析］本题要求考生判断选项中的everything，nothing，anything和something哪一个与else搭配最符合题意。

　　在不同情况下，四个选项都可与else搭配。但是，根据语法的要求，anything只能用于疑问句和否定句中，所以在此不适合。而nothing和everything不符合题意，因为这里所需要的是"其他某种活动"的意思，而不是"其他所有活动"或"没有其他任何活动"。因此［D］something是正确选项。

　　37［答案］B［考点］短语let…down的用法

　　［分析］句子相关部分说，应该组织各种各样的活动，以使参加者愿意活动多久就活动多久，然后转入别的活动，而不会感到内疚，或让其他参加者……。这里所需要的显然是"失望"之类的意思。

　　本题要求考生在选项中挑选一个副词，与let搭配并表示"失望"。所有选项都可以与let搭配，但它们意义不同。let off和let out都是"放掉"，"放出"的意思，let…alone是"不干涉"，"不管"的意思。只有［B］let…down(使……失望)符合题意。

　　38［答案］A［考点］逻辑关系

　　［分析］句子相关部分说，这并不是说大人必须接受不负责任的状态，然后又说，"他们可以帮助学生获得一种责任感"。本题要求考生判断两句话之间是什么逻辑关系。

　　从上下文中，我们可以看到，两部分的意思是对立的，即后一部分与前一部分相反。在选项中，［B］On the average(按平均数计算)和［C］On the whole(总的看来)不符合题意，［D］On the other hand(另一方面)意思并不准确，只有［A］On the contrary(相反)能够准确表达原文意思。

　　39［答案］C［考点］动词短语的辨析

　　［分析］本题要求考生识别选项中的动词与句中的for搭配后构成动词短语。

　　在选项中有三个动词可与for搭配：standing for意为"代表"，making for意为"走向"，taking for意为"认为，误认为"。但是这些意思填入空格后都不符合句意的要求。剩下的planning并不能与for构成短语，但它填入空格后与上文的组织各种各样的活动相关联。这一部分的意思是"通过策划以创造一些适合他们……的角色"。

　　40［答案］A［考点］上下文推理

　　［分析］句子相关部分说，"通过策划以创造一些适合他们……的角色"。定语从句that are within their…修饰"角色"，限定这些角色的性质。那么它们的性质是什么呢？

　　本题要求考生判断这些角色适合青少年的什么。在选项中有capabilities(能力)，responsibilities(责任)，proficiency(熟练程度)和efficiency(效率)。显然只有选项［A］capabilities(能力)符合句意的要求。填入空格后句子的意思是"通过策划创造一些适合他们能力，适合他们注意力持续时间的角色"。

　　SectionⅢReading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　(Text 1)大意

　　比尔·多诺万肯定会喜欢网络。这位美国间谍大王对情报着迷，他曾经在第二次世界大战时建立了战略事务办公室，后来又为中央情报局的成立打下了基础。多诺万相信，在谍报工作这个"大游戏"中可以使用任何手段。如今，互联网已经改变了买书和寄信这样的日常活动，也正在改变多诺万曾经从事的这个职业。

　　最近的这次改变不仅仅是一个人偷看别人的电子邮件的问题。这样的电子间谍活动已经存在了数十年。在过去的三四年中，国际互联网已经派生出一个可称为点击谍报的完整的产业。间谍们把它称为"公开来源情报"。随着互联网的增长，这样的情报变得越来越有影响力。1995年，中央情报局举办了一次竞赛，看谁能够就"布朗迪"收集到最多信息。胜者胜出了一大截，仅是弗吉尼亚的一个小公司，名为"公开来源解决方案"，它的明显优势是它对电子世界的把握。

　　在这个新的电子世界中最引起轰动的是一个叫司特雷福的公司，它是德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一个私营的情报分析公司。该公司的业务(范围包括从智利到俄罗斯的一系列国家)是将情报销售给"麦克德莫国际"这样的能源公司。它的许多预测在网上都可以查阅，网址为wwwstraitfordcom。

　　该公司的总裁乔治·弗莱德曼说，他把网络世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相互增强的工具，是间谍们的梦想。上周，他的公司正在从世界的另一角落收集零散的信息，并预测在乌克兰将发生一场危机。"一旦这个报道发布，我们将从乌克兰突然新增500个浏览用户，"曾经做过政治学教授的弗莱德曼说，"我们将听到其中一些人的回应。"当然，公开来源的谍报活动的确有它的风险，因为很难区分正确与错误的信息。这正是司特雷福公司挣饭吃的地方。

　　弗莱德曼只在奥斯汀市雇用了区区20位雇员。其中的一些有军事情报工作背景。他把公司的"局外人"地位视为它成功的关键。司特雷福公司的简报听上去不像华盛顿当局常常提供的躲闪的言辞

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