Unit 5 Why do you do that?

　　Lesson 17

　　1.in the earth

　　earth这里意思为“泥土”。本课出现的earth，soil和ground 三个词意思相近，都作“土，土壤”解，可以通用。例如:

　　When the plants are in the ground， I ll put some powder on the soil.

　　The rain sinks into the earth/soil.

　　除此之外，earth，soil和ground也有不同。

　　earth还可作“地球，大地”解，如on the earth (在地球上) 等;ground还可作“地面，场地”解，如on the ground(在地上)，sports ground(运动场)等。

　　2. feed v.

　　feed(fed，fed)意思为“喂养，饲养，给……提供食物”，常与介词on连用，可以说feed sb. on sth.或feed sth.to sb.。

　　例如:

　　We feed our dog on fresh meat every day.

　　Feed some milk to the baby.She must be hungry.

　　3.in fact

　　in fact意思为“实际上，事实上”，常用来进一步强调或说明所讲的话。例如:

　　He doesn t mind.In fact， he is very pleased.他并不介意，事实上他非常满意。

　　She doesn t have a car.In fact， she can t drive， either.

　　4.I ll water them to stop the soil getting too dry.

　　stop...(from)doing...这里意思为“阻止/阻拦……做某事”，其中from可以省略。例如:

　　The policeman stopped the fight in time.

　　How can we stop the sun(from)burning the plants?我们怎么样才能使植物不被太阳晒枯呢?

　　5.It ll make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.

　　make...do sth.意思为“使……做某事”，其中make后 面的不定式短语要省略to，但是变为被动结构时，不定式短语要带to，即be made to do sth.。例如:

　　Mr Chen made me do this experiment again.

　　The workers were made to work all day and all night in the past.

　　Lessons 18 & 19

　　1.grow

　　grow(grew，grown)作及物动词用时，意思为“种植”;作 不及物动词用时，意思为“生长”;作系动词用时，意思为“变得”。例如:

　　We grow vegetables in our garden.

　　Oranges grow in Spain.

　　2.a few of...

　　a few of...相当于some of...，意思为“……中一些人”，具有肯定含义。而few of...则相当于almost none of...，意思为 “……中几乎没有人”，具有否定含义。二者后面均接可数名词的复数。例如:

　　I know a few of my brother s friends.

　　I know few of my brother s friends.我几乎不认识我哥哥的朋友。

　　3.the rest

　　the rest表示“剩下(的部分)，其余(的部分)”，作主语 时，谓语动词用单数还是复数，取决于它所指代的词。若它 所指代的是复数名词，谓语动词用复数;若它所指代的是不可数名词或单数名词，谓语动词则用单数。例如:

　　I only borrowed some of the books and the rest are still there.

　　I need only a little orange;the rest is for you.

　　He took one part of the cake and the rest was for his brother.

　　4.carry away

　　本课中carry away意思为“冲走”(= wash away)，它还 有“运走，拿走”的意思。例如:

　　He carried away his luggage in my bedroom.

　　The trucks will carry the apples away to the market.

　　5.down prep.

　　down作介词时，意为“沿着，顺着”(= along)。例如:

　　Walk down the street and take the first turning on your left.

　　They swam down the river.

　　6.twice a year

　　twice a year，表示“一年两次”，once a year表示“一年一次”，三次或三次以上用times，如three times a year(一年三次)，four times a year(一年四次)等。

　　7.knock down

　　1)knock本意为“敲打，撞击”，knock down意思为“撞倒，打倒”。例如:

　　He knocked down a child when he hurried off.

　　The cow knocked the tree down.

　　2)英语中动词+ 副词结构中(如knock down等)，如果 宾语是名词，则名词既可置于副词前，也可置于副词后;如果宾语是人称代词，则一定要置于副词前。常用于此结构的副词还有on，away，up，off等。例如:

　　The meat smells terrible.Throw it away.

　　It s warm and you can take off your coat.

　　8. People had to walk many kilometres in order to fetch wood.人们不得不走很多公里去取木柴。

　　英语中，我们可以用to，in order to或so that来表示目 的。区别是:to，in order to和以前学过的so as to引导的是目的状语短语，构成简单句。例如:

　　He got up early to/in order to/so as to catch the first bus.

　　To/In order to get back his ball， the boy said sorry to the old man for breaking his window.

　　【注意】so as to不能置于句首。

　　so that引导目的状语从句，构成复合句，并且从句中谓语动词常与can(could)，may(might)等情态动词连用。例如:

　　He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.

　　They are studying hard so that they will/may pass the final examination.

　　to，in order to，so as to和so that引导的目的状语，在下列情况中替换如下:

　　1)主、从句主语一致。例如:

　　He listened carefully so that he could follow the teacher. →He listened carefully to follow the teacher.

　　2)主、从句主语不一致。例如:

　　He stopped so that the students could write down the words on the blackboard→He stopped for the students to write down the words on the blackboard.

　　3) so that也可以引导表示结果的状语从句，意思是“因此”。例如:

　　It was too cold，so that we couldn t work.天太冷了，因此我们无法工作。

　　He often tells stories that are not true，so that nobody

　　believes him.他常常编造故事，因此没人相信他。

　　例1 单项填空

　　Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.

　　A. so not as to B. so as not to

　　C. so as to not D. not so as to

　　【解析】 答案为B。

　　本题考查不定式否定式的表达法。否定副词not要放在 to do的前面。

　　例2 单项填空

　　He was reading a magazine while walking. He almost

　　.

　　A. knocked me down B. knocked down me

　　C. turned me over D. turned over me

　　【解析】 答案为A。

　　本题考查knock down和turn over的区别。knock down 为“撞倒”，turn over为“翻转”;人称代词作他们的宾语要放在中间，所以选A。

　　例3 单项填空

　　Shortly after we ， a waiter came over to our ta ble with a smile.

　　A. seated B. were seated

　　C. sat ourselves D. took place

　　【解析】 答案为B。

　　seat为及物动词，该接宾语或用被动式;sit为不及物动词，不能接宾语;take place为“发生”，不合语境。take ones place才表示“就位”。所以选B。

　　选自《2005高考风向标--考点解读与演练》，版权所有，请勿复制！