十二、判断原则

　　判断题型考查考生在现实生活中的阅读技能即快速、准确寻找所需信息的能力，要求考生能够看懂题目提供的四个选项并在文中检索相关信息。这种题目比较耗费时间，在紧张的考试中，容易给考生带来心理压力，因此面对此类题型考生首先要调整心理状态，细致冷静地返回到文章中去寻找答案。

   面对判断原则的题目，考生必须先读懂题目所给的四个选项，记住它们的意思，返回原文去扫描，搜寻信息点，与题目不相关的句子、语段很快掠过，相关信息语言区域则要求考生必须细致地对照原文中的信息。

　　判断原则有两种题型：

　　1. 一正三误

　　要求考生找出四个选项中惟一正确的一个，检验答案时要注意这种题型最常采用的三种命题方式是：正话反说、反话正说和关键词替换。

　　例

　　No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul_searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a self_examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.

　　At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.

    The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice_T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats.”Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard_line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society's ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.

　　The 15_member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin andhis corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many,many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”

　　The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that .

　　［A］ Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner

　　［B］ Gerald Levin is liable to compromise

　　［C］ Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate

　　［D］ Steve Ross is no longer alive［1997年64题］

　　D［正确答案］

　　2. 三正一误

　　要求考生判断哪一个选项与文章不符。检验答案时有两种方式，一是正确选项所给的信息在文中根本没有提到过，二是正确选项所给信息与文中其他内容相互冲突。

　　例

　　With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation's news coverage,as well as listening to it. And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs,education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children's programmes and films for an annual licence fee of ￡83 per household.

　　It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC's future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly_funded broadcasting organisation, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation_wide debate in Britain.

　　The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organisation as it is, or to make changes. Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain't broken, don't fix it.”

　　The BBC “ain't broke”,they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word ‘broke’, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it? Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels—TV and Channel 4— were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers' subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.

　　In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is notmentioned as the key issue?

　　［A］ Extension of its TV service to Far East.

　　［B］ Programmes as the subject of a nation_wide debate.

　　［C］ Potentials for further international co_operations.

　　［D］ Its existence as a broadcasting organisation.［1996年56题］

　　C［正确答案］

　　在1996年至2004年考研试卷的180道阅读题目中，上文中所总结的原则不断重复出现，有时甚至两个或三个原则相互重叠。不以规矩，无以成方圆。命题专家在设计考题时必定会遵循一定的原则，而考生则应当在复习应考时掌握并熟练应用这12大原则，以求达到事半功倍的效果。