八、类比原则

    议论文和说明文在论证说明事理的时候均很抽象，为了让读者更形象地理解一些抽象的内容，文章常会采用类比的手法。形象的类比不仅有助于将抽象的道理阐释清楚，更可以让读者加深印象。类比在文中有两种体现方式，一是明喻，即A像B一样；二是暗喻，说A是B，由于暗喻更加隐蔽，近年来命题专家也越来越趋向于在暗喻内容上设问。

　　例

　　The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws,wedges,wheels,etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.

　　A technologist can be compared to an artist because .(明喻)

　　［A］ they are both winners of awards

　　［B］ they are both experts in spatial thinking

　　［C］ they both abandon verbal description

　　［D］ they both use various instruments［1996年65题］

　　B［正确答案］