七、被动语态与系表结构的区别

　　当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：

　　1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。

　　例The glass is broken． （系表结构）

　　The glass was broken by the boy． （被动语态）

　　2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。

　　例The door is locked． （系表结构）

　　The door has already/just been locked．（被动语态）

　　3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

　　例 The machine is being repaired．

　　八、被动语态与高考试题赏析

　　1． 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析

　　1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)

　　A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served

　　解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

　　2). This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)

　　A. killed B. is killed

　　C. was killed D. was killing

　　解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。

　　3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?

　　---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting

　　C. are painted D. are being painting

　　解析 A “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。

　　4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. （上海春2003）

　　A. are not decided B. have not been decided

　　C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

　　解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。

　　5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.（上海春2001）

　　A. was booked B. had been booked

　　C. were booked D. have been booked

　　解析 B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。

　　2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查

　　当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

　　1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)

　　A. to see B. to be seen

　　C. seeing D. seen

　　解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。

　　2). While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need. （上海1996）

　　A. to persuaded B. persuading

　　C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

　　解析 C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。

　　3）. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）

　　A. is to blame B. is going to blame

　　C. is to be blamed D. should blame

　　解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如to blame， to let等。