理工类---B级

　　Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in teens

　　While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to “self-medicate” against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __1_ depressive symptoms in some teens。

　　“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived _2__ benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “_3__ cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating _4__ or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms。”

　　As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires _5__ their use of cigarettes of affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools _6__ in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods。

　　Participants were divided into three _7__: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical _8__; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had _9__ going to sleep or staying _10__; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things。

　　“Smokers who used cigarettes as mood _11__ had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked,” says co-researcher Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of _12__ depressive symptoms。”

　　The _13__ between depression and smoking exists _14__ among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. “It’s _15__ to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,” says Dr. Chaiton。

　　1. A examine                        B increase                     C decrease                    D diagnose

　　2. A social                           B financial                    C emotional                  D political

　　3. A Whatever                      B Although                   C Whenever                  D S\What

　　4. A effects                          B methods                    C steps                         D directions

　　5. A beside                           B beyond                      C in                             D about

　　6. A exposed                        B expanded                   C located                      D detected

　　7. A groups                          B sets                           C species                      D versions

　　8. A world                           B activity                            C state                          D beauty

　　9. A time                             B courage                     C energy                      D trouble

　　10. A asleep                         B awake                       C still                           D silent

　　11. A reducers                      B improvers                  C creators                     D removers

　　12. A changing                     B identifying                C developing                D overcoming

　　13. A difference                   B association                 C cooperation               D agreement

　　14. A occasionally                B scarcely                     C probably                   D principally

　　15. A illogical                      B unscientific                C meaningless               D important

　　译文：吸烟会加重青少年的抑郁情绪

　　有些青少年可能会一口接一口地吸烟来消除抑郁，进行所谓的“自我治疗”。然而加拿大Toronto和Montreal大学的科学家却发现，事实上，吸烟会加重某些青少年的抑郁情绪。

　　“这项研究是检验吸烟是否可以给青少年带来精神欢愉的几项研究之一，”首席研究员Michael Chaiton如是说，他是Toronto大学Ontario烟草研究组织的助理研究员， “尽管吸烟能在短时间能起到自我治疗的作用，能振奋精神，但根据青少年自我报告的情况，我们发现，从长远看，吸烟的青少年往往有更多的抑郁症状。”

　　这项研究的内容之一是，约662名高中生完成一份包括20道问题的问卷，问卷的问题是关于吸烟对情绪的影响。入选的中学学生既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有乡村的，并分布在高档、中档和低档不同社区。

　　参与调查者分成三组：一组从不吸烟，一组吸烟但不是为了自我治疗，调节情绪或者改善身体状态，另一组是利用吸烟自我治疗的吸烟者。参与者被问及下列问题：多久会感到倦怠不堪，不想做任何事；多久会出现难以入睡甚至不能入睡的情况；每隔多久会不开心、难过或沮丧；多久会出现对未来绝望的心态；每隔多久会感到烦恼紧张，对所有事情都过分焦虑。收集到的答案用来衡量抑郁症状的轻重。

　　“通过吸烟缓解抑郁的吸烟者比不吸烟的青少年更容易加重抑郁症状，”Montreal大学社会和预防医学系教授，研究合作者Jennifer O’Loughlin总结说，“我们研究发现，问卷反馈回来的那些利用吸烟获得精神慰籍的青少年更容易加重抑郁。”

　　抑郁和吸烟之间的联系主要体现在那些利用吸烟愉悦心情的青少年身上。“值得重视的是，那些在问卷中反映吸烟能带来精神安慰的青少年，他们在问卷中所得的抑郁评分也较高，”Chaiton博士说。

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