高教自考英语二完整讲义：第三章精讲(二)

　　Text B Advantage Unfair

　　New Words

　　1 conspiracy n.　　1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派

　　2 old-boy n.　　　 1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄

　　3 network n.　　 　1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络

　　4 escalator n.　 　自动扶梯

　　5 privilege n.　 　特权

　　vt.　 　给予…特权

　　6 profession n.　　职业（尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的）

　　7 graduate vi.　 　大学毕业，[美]毕业

　　vt.　　 [主美]准予…毕业

　　a.　　　1.毕业的；2.研究生的

　　n.　　　大学毕业生；[美]毕业生

　　8 unfair a.　　　　不公平的，不公正的

　　9 employment n.　　1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作

　　10 publish vt.　 　1.出版，刊印；2.公布，发表

　　11 senior a.　　 　1.年长的，年纪较大的；

　　2.地位较高的，资历较深的；

　　3.[英]（大学）高年级的，[美]大学四年级的

　　n.　　　　1.年长者，2.资历深者，上级

　　12 appoint vt.　 　1.任命，委任（as）；2.约定，指定（时间，地点）

　　13 private a.　　　1.私人的，私有的；2.私营的，私立的；3.秘密的，私下的

　　14 headmaster n.　　（中学或小学的）校长

　　15 leading a.　　　1.领导的，指导的；2.最重要的，主要的

　　16 bias n.　　　　 偏见

　　v.　　　　[常用被动语态]有偏见（against， towards）

　　17 entry n.　　　　1.进入，入场（权），入会权；2.入口；3.登记，条目，帐目

　　18 merit n.　　　　1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功劳

　　19 fiercely ad.　　1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地

　　20 competitive a.　竞争的；比赛的

　　21 entrance n.　　 1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学

　　22 additional a.　 附加的，追加的；另外的

　　23 abolish vt.　 　废除（法律，习惯等）；取消

　　24 applicant n.　　申请人，请求者

　　25 performance n.　1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能；3.演出，演奏

　　26 accessible a.　 1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的（to）；3.可理解的（to）

　　27 elite n.　　　　[集合名词]精英，杰出人物

　　a. 　　　 杰出的，精英的

　　28 academic a.　　　1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的

　　29 excellence n.　　优秀，杰出

　　30 recruit vt./vi.　1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充

　　n.　　 新兵；新成员

　　31 equivalent a.　　1.相等的，相同的（to）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的

　　n.　　1.等价（物），等量（物）；2.对应词（或对应语）

　　32 ivy n. 常青藤

　　33 replicate vt. 重复；复制

　　34 elitist n.　　1.杰出人物；2.杰出人物统治论者

　　a.　　1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的

　　35 remedial a.　　1.治疗的，治疗上用的；2.补救的

　　36 prime a.　　1.最初的，基本的；2.首要的，主要的；3.第一流的，最好的

　　37 vision n.　　1.想像力，幻觉；2.视力，视觉；3.眼光

　　38 classless a.　　1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的

　　Phrases and Expressions

　　1 to amount to 　　　　1.达到，总计；2.相当于，等于

　　2 on average（on an average或 on the average） 平均

　　3 to blame … for　　　为… 责备某人

　　4 by nature　　　　　　生来，天生，就其本性而言

　　5 be worth doing　　　 值得做…

　　Proper Names

　　Walter Ellis　　沃尔特。埃利斯

　　Oxbridge　　　　牛津大学和剑桥大学

　　Oxford 　　　　 牛津，牛津大学

　　Cambridge　　　 剑桥，剑桥大学

　　John Rae　　　　约翰。雷

　　Westminster 　　威斯敏斯特

　　France 　　　　 法兰西，法国

　　Ivy League　　　常春藤联合会

　　Harvard　　　　

　　Yale　　　　　　耶鲁大学

　　Princeton　　　 普林斯顿大学

　　Stanford　　　　斯坦福大学

　　Berkeley　　　　伯克利

　　John Major　　　约翰。梅杰

　　escalator

　　电梯：elevator， lift

　　profession

　　career 事业，职业（终身所从事的职业）

　　vocation 指帮助人的职业，如医生，护士，教师

　　occupation （比较正式）职业

　　job 工作，职业

　　work 工作，职业

　　TextB 重点词汇：

　　1. appoint ： 任命，委任

　　appointment

　　He‘s just been appointed as director of the publishing division. 他刚被任命为出版社的主任。

　　2. accessible ： adj. 易接近的，能进去的，

　　The problem with some of these drugs is that they are so very accessible . 毒品的问题在于毒品太易得到了。

　　She has made some attempt to make opera accessible to a wider public. 她曾尝试着让歌剧走进更广大的大众。

　　派生词：access n. 通路，入口，接近（或进入）的机会

　　3. to amount to ： 达到，总计；相当于

　　The cost amounts to $3，000 . 费用总计3000 美元。

　　Her words amount to a refusal. 她的话无异于拒绝。

　　4. to blame sb. for ： 为… 责备某人

　　Public opinion blames Mrs. Smith for leading the girl astray .

　　舆论责怪史密斯夫人把那位姑娘引入歧途。

　　You can‘t really blame Helen for not wanting to get involved .

　　海伦不想被卷入其中，你确实不能为此责备她。

　　5. by nature ： 生来，天生，

　　He is an optimist by nature . 他生来一个乐天派。

　　He was ， by nature ， a man of few words. 他是天生沉默寡言的人。

　　a few+可数名词

　　a little + 不可数名词

　　Text B 重点句子：

　　Advantage Unfair

　　According to the write Walter Ellis， author of a book called the Oxbridge Conspiracy， Britain is still dominated by the old-boy network： it isn‘t what you know that matters， but who you know .He claims that at Oxford and Cambridge Universities （Oxbridge for short） a few select people start on an escalator ride which， over the years， carries them to the tops of British privilege and power. His research revealed that the top professions all continue to be dominated， if not 90 percent， then 60 or 65per cent， by Oxbridge graduates.

　　And yet， says Ellis， Oxbridge graduates make up only two percent of the total number of students who graduate from Britain‘s universities. Other researches also seem to support his belief that Oxbridge graduates start with an unfair advantage in the employment market. In the law， a recently published report showed that out of 26 senior judges appointed to the High Court last year ，all of them went to private schools and 21 of them went to Oxbridge.

　　But can this be said to amount to a conspiracy？ Not according to Dr.John Rae， a former headmaster of one of Britain‘s leading private school ，Westminster：

　　“I would accept that there was a bias in some key areas of British life ， but that bias has now gone .Some time ago-in the 60s and before -entry to Oxford and Cambridge was not entirely on merit .Now， there‘s absolutely no question in any objective observer’s mind that entry to Oxford and Cambridge is fiercely competitive.”

　　However many would disagree with this. For， although over three-quarters of British pupils are educated in state schools， over half the students that go to Oxbridge have been to private， over half the students that go to Oxbridge have been to private， or “public” school .Is this because pupils from Britain‘s private schools are more intelligent than those from state schools， or are they simply better prepared？

　　On average ，about ￡5，000 a year is spent on each private school pupil， more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils .So how can the state schools be expected to compete with the private schools when they have far fewer resources？ And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance exam to Oxford University， which requires extra preparation， and for which many public school pupils traditionally stay at school and do an additional term ？

　　Until recently， many blamed Oxford for this bias because of the university‘s special entrance exam （Cam bridge abolished its entrance exam in 1986） But last February ，Oxford University decided to abolish the exam to encourage more state school applicants .From autumn 1996， Oxford University applicants， like applicants to other universities ， will be judged only on their A level results and on their performance at interviews ， although some departments might still set special tests.

　　However， some argue that there‘s nothing wrong in having elite laces of learning ，and by their very nature ，these places should not be easily accessible. Most countries are run by an elite and have centers of academic excellence from which the elite are recruited. Walter Ellis accepts that this is true：

　　“But in France， for example， there are something like 40equivalents of university， which provide this elite through a much broader base ，In America you‘ve got the Ivy League， centred on Harvard and Yale .with Princeton ad Stanford and others. But again， those universities together-the elite universities-are about ten or fifteen in number ，and are being pushed aling from behind by other great universities like ，for example， Chicago and Berkeley， So you don’t have just this narrow concentration of two universities providing a constantly replicating elite.”

　　When it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist becarse orf he number of private school pupils they accept ， Professor Stone of Oxford University argues that there is a simple fact he and his associates cannot ignore：

　　“If certain schools so better than others then we just have to accept it . We cannot be a place for remedial education. It‘s not what Ocford is there to do .”

　　However， since academic excellence does appear to be related to the amount of money spent per pupil ，this does seem to imply that Prime Minister John Major‘s vision of Britain as a classless society is still a long way off. And it may be worth remembering that while John Major didn’t himself go to Oxbridge most of his ministers did.

　　1. Britain is still dominated by the old- boy network； it isn‘t what you know that matters， but who you know.

　　强调句，不是你懂得知识重要，而是你认识谁重要

　　2. He claims that at Oxford and Cambridge Universities （Oxbridge for short） a few select people start on an escalator ride which， over the years， carries them to the tops of British privilege and power. 比喻少数精选出来的人，进了牛津或剑桥，就像坐上了电梯一样，很快就会爬上英国权力的顶峰。

　　3. On average， about ￡5，000 a year is spent on each private school pupil， more than twice the amount spent on state school pupils.

　　On average = On the average 平均每个在私立学校读书的学生平均每年要花费约5000英镑，是每个国立学校学生花费的两倍多。

　　4. And how can they prepare their pupils for the special entrance exam to Oxford University， which requires extra preparation， and for which many public school pupils traditionally stay at school and do an additional term？

　　which 和for which都是引导定语从句修饰exam

　　5. When it comes to Oxford and Cambridge being elitist because of the number of private school pupils they accept， professor Stone of Oxford University argues that there is a simple fact he and his associates cannot ignore：

　　When it comes to … “当谈及，涉及…时”

　　例如：When it comes to our children taking the exam， I almost know nothing.

　　当谈到孩子们的考试，我一无所知。

　　6. And it may be worth remembering that while John Major didn‘t himself go to Oxbridge， most of his ministers did.

　　be worth + 动名词 用主动式表示被动含义

　　例如：This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读

　　The film is worth seeing. 此电影值得一看。

    更多信息请访问：新浪自考频道 自考论坛 自考博客圈

　　特别说明：由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化，新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考，敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。