和高一同学谈"单项填空"解题技巧 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/02 11:27 英语辅导报 |
"单项填空"题是考查词法、句法及交际用法的主要题型。在平时的学习中,加强基础知识的积累固然重要,但掌握一定的解题技巧,则会化难为易,事半功倍,提高正确率。针对一些难题,同学们可采取下面一些方法。 一、把握语境,理顺上下文逻辑关系 1.把握上下文的语义信息 1)-Are the new rules working? -Yes._____ books are stolen. A.Few B.More C.Some D.None(NMET1999) 问话及回答中的Yes为我们提供了语境信息:The new rules are working."新规定行之有效",其结果应是"很少或没有书被盗"。因 none不能作定语,故答案选A。 2)I'm busy preparing for the mid-term examination,so I can't help _____ housework. A.doing B.to do C.being done D.with doing 对can't help doing结构我们已是熟之又熟,但若因此而选A或C,则误入出题人所设的陷阱。承接上文,前后文关系应是:"因忙于备考,故不能帮着做家务",正确答案为B。 3)-Which of these two ties will you take? -I'll take _____ ,to give me a change sometimes. A.either B.neither C.all D.both 上文限制了数量"two",下文又补充说"to give me a change",因此答句的含义应为"两个都买下,以备替换",故答案为D。 2.把握上下文隐含的时间信息 1)The price_____ down,but I doubt whether it will remain so. A.went B.will go C.has gone D.was going(NMET1999) 下文it will remain so说明"现在已经处于某种状态",故答案选C。 2)-Who is Jerry Cooper? -_____ ?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A.Don't you meet him yet B.Haven't you met him yet C.Didn't you meet him yet D.Hadn't you met him yet(NMET1997) 下文的意思是:在会议上我看到你同他握手。其言外之意自然是"在此之前你们曾经见过面"。针对上文的现在时态,本题应强调对现在的影响,故应用现在完成时,答案为B。 二、注意"意群"停顿,避免"毗邻"成分的干扰 所谓"意群",是指句子中按意义和结构划分出的各个部分。正确划分意群,有助于正确理解句子含义,克服思维定势,避免因"毗邻"成分引起的语法性错误。这种意群的影响,主要体现在主从复合句中。如: 1)宾语从句 I,who am your close friend,will do what I can y_____ ou. A.help B.lend a hand to C.helping D.to help 受can的影响,一些同学可能会误选A或B项。句中空格与前文的can分属两个意群,并无语法联系。本题答案为D,动词不定式作目的状语。句中what I can为宾语从句, can后省略了动词do。 2)主语从句 What water is _____ known to all. A.to be B.is C.as D./ 本题答案为B。句中两个is分属两个意群:第一个is与前文构成主语从句,第二个is属于主句谓语部分。 3)定语从句 The man I spoke _____ no answer. A.to make B.to made C.made D.of making 本题答案为B。to与made分属两个意群。句中I spoke to为定语从句,而made与句首的The man构成主谓关系:The man made no answer. 4)状语从句 He ran as fast as he could_____ the running horse. A.to catch B.catching C.catch D.caught 本题答案为A。动词不定式作目的状语。句中could与to catch亦分属两个意群,as he could属于状语从句,could后省略了run。 三、结构还原,化繁为简 1.疑问句还原为陈述句 Who would you rather have _____ with you? A.go B.to go C.gone D.going 受空格前have影响,很多同学误选B或C。如将此句还原为陈述句形式:You would rather have who(m)_____ with you,则不难看出本题考查"have sb.do"结构,答案应为A。 2.被动语态,变为主动语态 Ways must be thought of the balance of _____ nature. A.keep B.keeping C.to keep D.being kept 本句还原为主动语态后,可知其主要结构为"think of ways to do"结构,故答案为C。3.感叹句还原为陈述句 What a great difficulty we had_____ her. A.persuade B.to persuade C.persuading D.persuaded 本句考查have difficulty(in)doing sth.结构,答案为C。 4.利用还原法识别强调句 强调句是在陈述句的基础上适当添加一些成分(it,系动词be以及that)而构成。反言之,如去掉附加成分,强调句仍能还原为一个完整的句子。利用此方法,可准确判断一下句子是否为强调句。如: It was about 600years ago _____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A.that B.until C.before D.when(NMET1997) 受句首的it was提示,我们利用识别强调句型的方法加以判断:去掉it was以及空格,剩余部分仍是一个完整句子。故本句为强调句,答案为A。比较: It is about 600years_____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A.since B.that C.when D.until 去掉it is以及空格,剩余部分不再是一个完整句子。故本句不是强调句。答案为A, since引导时间状语从句。 (文/山东青州二中 时永春 ;英语通高中一年级版2003年第11期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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