一、V-ing形式作定语。

　　1. V-ing形式作前置定语,表示用途,即"用来做……";或表示性质,即"……的"。如:

　　The reading-room is bright and large. 阅览室宽敞明亮。

　　I found a sleeping baby on the bed. 我发现在床上有个熟睡的孩子。

　　精练:例1: Everybody says he is a _______ boy.

　　A. promised B. promising C. to promise D. promise

　　析:这是一个典型的V-ing形式作前置定语的例子,是以形容词功能出现的,在这里promising意为"有希望的"。故答案为 B 。

　　2. V-ing短语作后置定语,往往表示正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生的动作,其作用相当于一个定语从句。如:

　　The man standing by the window ( = who is standing by the window) is our teacher. 那个站在窗户旁边的人是我们的老师。

　　The man breaking the law (= who broke the law ) was sentenced to death. 违反了法律的那个年轻人被判处死刑。

　　例2: When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _______ "Sorry to miss you; will call later."

　　A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

　　析:现在分词短语作后置定语修饰message,其功能相当于一个定语从句, 表示的是与主句表示的时间一致的情况; 不定式作定语常指未来的动作,C与题意不符。答案为D。

　　二、V-ing形式作主语,此时V-ing形式多表示一般或抽象的重复多次的行为。如:

　　Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火很危险。

　　Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。

　　例3: How about the two of us _______ a walk down the garden?

　　A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking

　　析: what / how about+doing sth.意为"……怎么样?", the two of us 是动名词的逻辑主语,它们合起来构成动名词的复合结构。故答案为C。

　　例4: _______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

　　A. The walk B. Walking C. For a walk D. Walk

　　析:动名词作主语通常表示习惯性,泛指经常性的不具体的动作;而不定式作主语则表示一次性的、具体的动作。原题中的a good form又暗示考生,这个动作是泛指的、经常性的。故答案为B。

　　精练:例5: It's no good _______ anything at such times.

　　A. saying B. say C. being said D. to saying

　　析:V-ing形式也可以用it来作形式主语,通常用于某些形容词或名词之后,如good, use, interesting, better, fun, foolish等。故答案为A。

　　三、V-ing形式作状语,常见的可以分为以下几类:

　　1. 原因状语。如:

　　Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一个学生,我必须努力学习.

　　精练:例6: _______ a reply, he decided to write again.

　　A. Not to receive

　　B. Receiving not

　　C. Not having received

　　D. Not receiving

　　析: receive与主句的主语he之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式,但主句中的again又暗示考生,分词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,因此应用现在分词的完成式。not一般置于分词之前.故答案为C。

　　2.作方式状语,表伴随情况。如:

　　She stood by the window, watching people passing by her window. 她站在窗前,望着来来往往的人们。

　　精练:例7: "Can't you read ?" Mary said, _______ to the notice.

　　A. angrily pointing

　　B. and point angrily

　　C. angrily pointed

　　D. and angrily pointing

　　析:现在分词作伴随状语。故答案为 A。

　　3. 时间状语。如:

　　While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 当他看书的时候,不时地点着头。

　　精练:例8: When _______ the door, he found a cat in the room.

　　A. open B. opening C. opened D. to open

　　析:When opening相当于 When he was opening,故答案为B。

　　4. 结果状语。如:

　　The boy ran even faster, reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气。

　　精练: 例9: European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

　　A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

　　析:该题考查非谓语动词的用法。四个选项均为make的不同形式,由句中的逗号及空白前后的逻辑关系考虑,此空应填现在分词表结果。分词短语中make为使役动词,其后跟复合宾语。答案为A。

　　四、作表语,可分为两种情况:

　　1.表示"使人感到……"的一种性质或特征。如:

　　The news is inspiring. 这消息很令人鼓舞。

　　精练:例10: The speech was very _______ , and we were ______ to tears.

　　A. moved; moved B. moving; moving C. moving; moved D. moved; moving

　　析: moving"令人感动的"; moved"被感动的"。故答案为C。

　　2.表示抽象概念的动作,这种动作未必正在进行。如:

　　Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

　　精练:例11: Her job is _______ all the children.

　　A. look after B. looking after

　　C. looked after D. having looked after

　　析:此题中V-ing形式为概括的动作,故答案为B.

　　五、V-ing形式作宾语,可分为两类:

　　1.在admit, avoid, consider(考虑), dislike, enjoy, escape, face, feel, like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practise, put off, can't help(禁不住), can't stand, look forward to等动词或词组之后只能用V-ing形式,不能用不定式作宾语。如:

　　At the news, he couldn't help crying. 听到这个消息,他禁不住哭了起来。

　　精练: 例12: -I must apologize for _______ ahead of time.

　　-That's all right.

　　A. letting you not know

　　B. not letting you know

　　C. letting you know not

　　D. letting not you know

　　析:letting是V-ing形式作介词for的宾语,且否定时not置于动名词之前。故答案为B。

　　2.在forget, go on, like, mean, regret, remember, stop, try某些动词之后可接动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有所区别。如:

　　I remember doing the exercise. 我记得做过此练习。

　　I must remember to do it. 我必须记着做这件事。

　　精练: 例13:-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

　　-Well, now I regret _______ that.

　　A. to do B. to be doing C. have done D. having done

　　析:"后悔做过某事"用regret doing /having done sth., regret当"遗憾"讲时,后面常用动词不定式作宾语,故答案为D。

　　六、V-ing作宾补时通常在下列动词之后,表示该动作正在发生。如:

　　We are watching the teacher doing the experiment. 我们在观察老师做实验。

　　We had the fire burning a day. 我们使火烧了一天。

　　精练: 例14: The missing boys were last seen _______ near the river.

　　A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

　　析:see为感官动词,其用法有两种:see sb. do (表示看到全过程),see sb. doing(表示看到某人正在做某事,是一个场景),本句强调是最后一次看到,故A为最佳答案。

　　例15: The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.

　　A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing

　　析:考生如果掌握catch sb. doing(发现某人做某事)这一短语,便可知girl与catch之间是被动关系,因此用catch的过去分词形式,故答案为D。

　　(文/陈德峰　孙玉忠；《 英语通》高二版 03~04学年度第5期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)