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unit 14 Festivals

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/11 10:50 新浪教育

　　明确替代词的指代对象

　　英语文章中经常用一些替代词，如it, they, that, those, one, so 以及助动词do来指代文章中的一些词、词组或句子，以避免重复。被指代的内容既可能出现在替代词的前面，也可能出现在替代词的后面。如：

　　After they saved enough money, Henry and Susan wanted to buy a house. So they did. The floor plan was almost the same as that of Susans parents home, where she had lived as a child. Buying it was not easy for the young couple. For years they worked hard day and night.

　　明确替代词的指代对象，有助于我们在阅读中正确清楚地理解和把握作者的意图，也能顺利地解答高考中“What does the underlined ‘it in the last paragraph refer to?”这一类题型。

　　Passage A

　　阅读理解

　　Valentines Day is a holiday honoring lovers. It is named after Saint Valentine, an early Christian (基督教的) churchman who helped young lovers. Valentine was killed for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1,700 years ago, but the day that has his name is even earlier than that.

　　More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container (容器). Boys reached into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweet heart for a year.

　　Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine's Day cards that tell of their love. Sometimes they also send gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy. Americans usually send gifts and cards through the mail system. But some use another way to send this message. They have it printed in a newspaper.①The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple and short, “Jane, I love you very much.” Others say more. This one, for example, “Dan, roses are red. Violets are blue. I hope you love me as much as I love you. Forever. Mary.”

　　Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but USA Today②is sold throughout the United States and 90 other countries as well. This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a faraway city or town almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars or more. An employee (雇员) of USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of Valentine's Day message reach the one you love? Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. When was the day named after Valentine?

　　A. more than 1,700 years ago before Valentines death.

　　B. more than 2,000 years ago.

　　C. on February 24.

　　D. it is not mentioned in the passage.

　　2. Which is NOT true about the ancient Roman holiday?

　　A. Girls put into a large container pieces of paper with their own names on them.

　　B. Boys and girls became sweet hearts by chance.

　　C. Girls and boys send gifts and cards through the mail system.

　　D. It was celebrated as a holiday for lovers.

　　3. What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A. Printing a message to show one's love in USA Today will cost 80 dollars or more.

　　B. Valentine was killed for helping lovers.

　　C. Readers of USA Today can send roses to their lovers along with the printed messages.

　　D. Valentine was honored by people for his firm Christian belief and warm heart.

　　4. What is the purpose of the passage?

　　A. To briefly introduce the origin of Valentine's Day and the modern style.

　　B. To advertise for USA Today.

　　C. To tell you that Americans are open to express their love.

　　D. To sell roses on Valentine's Day.

　　难句注释

　　① They have it printed in a newspaper.

　　他们请人把这(信息)登在报纸上。

　　② USA Today 《今日美国》，目前美国销量最大的全国性大型日报。

　　Total words:316

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　Passage B

　　阅读理解

　　Halloween (万圣节), which falls on the evening of October 31, is a nighttime holiday for children. There are a lot of customs such as “dressing up”, “Trick or treat”, “bobbing for apples”, “making JackOLanterns”, etc.

　　In the evening of this day children usually put on their festival clothes and prepare for Halloween. Some children dress like ghosts (鬼). Others try to look like famous people—a nations president or a famous star. They also carry a big bag and go to the homes of all their neighbors. At each house they say, “Trick or treat”. It means that you'd better “treat” me, or I'll play tricks on you. People usually give them candy or fruit. However, if they fail to offer treats, these children will make fun of them.① For example, they will give this family a flat tire (轮胎), soaping their windows, etc. Usually after an hour or two, the children return home with their bags full of good things to eat.

　　Sometimes there are Halloween parties. A favorite game is called “bobbing for apples”. Several apples are put into a tub (浴盆) of water. The boys and girls try to get them into their mouths. They cant use their hands, and their faces usually get very wet. The one who first picks up an apple is the winner.

　　One important thing of Halloween is the JackOLantern. Children make them from pumpkins (南瓜). First they make the pumpkins empty and cut holes for the eyes, mouth and nose. Then they put a lighted candle inside.② People in old times thought this could help to frighten the ghosts. Now people still keep this custom.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage？

　　A. Halloween is a daytime holiday for children.

　　B. In the evening of this day all children dress like ghosts.

　　C. If their neighbours fail to offer treats, the children will make fun of them.

　　D. In the game “bobbing for apples”, the children try to use their hands to get the apples into their mouths.

　　2. Halloween has nothing to do with____ .

　　A. pumpkinsB. ghosts

　　C. applesD. grapes

　　3. What would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Halloween B. Ghosts

　　C. Bobbing for Apples D. JackOLantern

　　难句注释

　　① However, if they fail to offer treats, these children will make fun of them.

　　然而，如果他们不主动招待他们，这些孩子就要捉弄他们。fail to do something 没有做成某事。

　　Total words:281

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　② Then they put a lighted candle inside.

　　然后他们在里面摆上一根点燃的蜡烛。

　　Passage C

　　阅读理解

　　In our daily life we are used to hearing these words, “I cant wait for my holiday”, “I wish I could stay home today” and “I'm very tired”. These words come from pressure (压力) at work. Now the “iron rice bowl” is being broken into pieces. Workers may be fired if they don't perform their duties well. They have to do their jobs better.

　　People feel pressure not only because they might find themselves out of work but also because they get no real pleasure from their work. For most of the workers, work is just a way of earning money. It appears to be meaningless and worthless.

　　But pressure is a natural part of work. There is no way to keep away from it. We should face up to that.

　　Work should be a cause of happiness and pride rather than a punishment or a burden (负担).① In fact, a certain amount of pressure can provide challenge (挑战) and opportunity for learning. To a modern man who is worried and low in spirit, developing a hobby and finding a new interest is of first importance.② I like listening to pop music, which makes me calm and gives me pleasure.

　　If pressure becomes difficult to deal with, we should turn to our friends or families. We can have a drink with our friends and talk out the problem. We should always discuss our problems with our families. Good advice, warmth and happiness that families bring to us can reduce our pressures and encourage us to smooth away all difficulties.③

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. People feel pressure at work mainly because____ .

　　A. they will lose their jobs

　　B. most of them find less interest in their work

　　C. they can make more money after work

　　D. they want to stay home

　　2. Which of the following is WRONG in the writers opinion?

　　A. Where there is work there is pressure.

　　B. Work shouldn't be regarded as punishment or burden.

　　C. All modern men are worried and low in spirit.

　　D. A certain amount of pressure is necessary.

　　3. From the text we can know that when pressure is too big, ____.

　　A. we should drink coffee with our friends

　　B. we can get help and comfort from our friends or families

　　C. we can go home because it is warm

　　D. to talk out the problem to our friends and families is the best way

　　难句注释

　　① Work should be a cause of happiness and pride rather than a punishment or a burden. 工作应是幸福和骄傲的源泉，而不应导致惩罚和负担。

　　Total words:262

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　② ...developing a hobby and finding a new interest is of first importance.

　　培养一个爱好和发现新的兴趣非常重要。

　　③ Good advice, warmth and happiness that families bring to us can reduce our pressures and encourage us to smooth away all difficulties.

　　家庭带来的建议、温暖和快乐能减少我们的压力，鼓励我们克服所有的困难。

　　Passage D

　　完形填空

　　Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man 1 it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is clear 2 he decides to buy something. As he knows what he wants, his 3 is to find and buy it. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it , the deal can be done and often is completed in 4 than five minutes, with hardly any talk and 5 everyone's satisfaction(满意).

　　For a man, small problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants. In that 6 the salesman tries to sell the customer something else — he 7 the nearest to the article (商品) asked. A good salesman brings out another article and says, “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for 8 ? It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 10 with this treatment, and the usual answer is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.”

　　For a woman, buying clothes is always done in the 12 way. Her shopping is not often 13 on need. She has never fully decided what she wants, and she is only having a look round. It is 14 easy to give advice to a woman about what to buy, and she will try 15 any number of the thing. In her mind is the thought of finding something that 16 thinks suits her.① Most women have a good sense of value and are always looking out for the 17 buying and selling. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour 18 going from one department to another before picking out the dresses she wants to try on.② It is a tiring 19 , but clearly an enjoyable one. Most clothing shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. whenB. withC. asD. than

　　2. A. after B. before C. when D. while

　　3. A. object B. need C. dream D. reason

　　4. A .more B. sooner C. less D. longer

　　5. A. to B. with C. by D. in

　　6. A. time B. thing C. case D. situation

　　7. A. supplies B. offers C. advises D. introduces

　　8. A. color B. quality C. size D. style

　　9. A. happens B. supposes C. looks D. feels

　　10. A. experience B. attention C. interest D. patience

　　11. A. losing B. wasting C. spending D. giving

　　12. A. same B. similar C. opposite D. clever

　　13. A. replied B. done C. connected D. based

　　14. A. never B. always C. often D. usually

　　15. A. on B. with C. by D. in

　　16. A. nobodyB. someone C. anyone D. everyone

　　17. A. hopedB. expectedC. surprisedD. interested

　　18. A. at B. for C. on D. in

　　19. A. workB. processC. job D. progress

　　20. A. customers B. childrenC. husbandsD. wives

　　难句注释

　　① In her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her.

　　她脑子里想的是要找到大家都认为适合她的衣服。

　　② ...before picking out the dresses she wants to try on.

　　在挑选出她要试穿的衣服之前……

　　Passage A

　　情人节是最有影响的西方节日之一。本文讲述了情人节的来历，并介绍了现代的美国青年人表达爱情的一些做法。

　　1. A. 在文章第一段最后一句话中能找到此答案。

　　2. C. 该答案不是古罗马节日期间所做的事。

　　3. D. 从文章第一段，可看出作者赞赏Valentine乐于助人、为自己的信仰献身的精神。

　　4. A. 文章一、二两段简单介绍讲情人节的起源，三、四两段着重讲述现代情人节的简况。

　　Passage B

　　每年的10月31日是西方的传统节日——万圣节(Halloween)。万圣节又称鬼节。它是西方历史悠久的、仅次于圣诞节和感恩节的第三大节日。本文简单介绍了万圣节的时间, 以及孩子们是如何过万圣节的。

　　1. C. 在第二段中有提示。

　　2. D. 万圣节与葡萄无关。

　　3. A. 本文的主题就是万圣节。

　　Passage C

　　在现代生活里，人们的工作压力很大。如何调节好自己的心态，作者提出了一些建议。

　　1. B. 多数人在工作中感到有压力, 主要是因为他们不能从工作中找到乐趣。

　　2. C. 不是所有的人都情绪低落。错在all上。

　　3. B. 工作压力太大，我们可以从朋友或家人那里得到帮助或安慰。见文章最后一句话。

　　Passage D

　　本文介绍了男子与女子对待购物持有的不同态度。

　　1. C.男女购衣有不同的体验，the same...as 是固定搭配。

　　2. B. 男人在买东西之前就已经决定所买之物。

　　3. A. 这里object 是“目的”的意思。

　　4. C. 在不足五分钟之内，强调男子购物速度之快。

　　5. A. 短语to ones satisfaction意为“令人满意”。

　　6. C. 短语in that case意为“如果是那样”。

　　7. B. 考查动词搭配。offer “(主动)提供”。

　　8. C. 试试衣服的大小。

　　9. A. 这碰巧是你提到的颜色。

　　10. D. 对这种接待，男人很少有耐心。

　　11. B. 男人一般都认为试衣是在浪费双方的时间。

　　12. C. 女人在购物方面与男人的行为正好相反。

　　13. D.这里是考查be based on 这一搭配。

　　14. B. 劝女人买东西总是件很容易的事。

　　15. A.动词短语try on 是“试穿”的意思。

　　16. D. 她要每个人都觉得这很适合她。

　　17. C. 女人购物往往追求新奇。

　　18. D.这里是考查spend time in doing 这一搭配。

　　19. B. 这的确是很累人的过程。

　　20. C. 商店为等候的丈夫提供椅子。

　　1.They have it printed in a newspaper. 他们请人把这(信息)登在报纸上。(Line 19, Passage A)

　　have something done 中的have有以下3种意思：

　　(1)“叫；派；使；让”(有目的)。如：

　　I will have my bike repaired this afternoon.

　　今天下午我要请人修我的自行车。

　　(2)“遭受；经历”(无意的)。如：

　　He had his pocket picked the other day. 前几天他钱包被偷了。

　　(3)“有；所有”。如：

　　You still have a few minutes left. 你还有几分钟。

　　2....developing a hobby and finding a new interest is of first importance. 培养一个爱好和发现新的兴趣非常重要。(Line 14, Passage C)

　　be + of + 抽象名词 (importance, use, value, help等)结构，常用来表示主语的性质或特征，相当于be + 相应的形容词。如：

　　The dictionary is of great help to English learners. 这本字典对英语学习者帮助很大。

　　The work is of great importance. 这工作非常重要。

　　The painting is of little value. 这幅画没什么价值。

　　The old clock is still of some use to me. 这个旧钟对我来说还有点用。

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