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remain stay 都指"继续停留"或"继续保持某种状态、关系或行动。"
remain 常可与stay 互换, 但它强调"继续停留于一处或保持原状态、情况性质而不改变", 如:
This place remains cool all summer.
这个地方整个夏天都凉爽。
stay强调"某人[物]继续留在原地而不离开", 如:
He stayed to see the end of the game.
他一直呆到比赛结束。
ability capacity faculty talent skill competence aptitude
These nouns denote the qualities in a person that permit or facilitate achievement or accomplishment.
这些名词都表示某人具有取得进步或成功的素质。
Ability is the power, mental or physical, to do something:
Ability 是指智力或体力上具有做某事的能力:
"To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient" (Ihara Saikaku)。
"要致富,光靠能力是不够的,还得看机遇" (伊哈拉。塞科古)。
Capacity refers to an innate potential for growth, development, or accomplishment:
Capacity 指天赋的,如生长、发展或成功的潜力:
"Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired" (Plautus)。
"智慧的获得是依靠才能而不是年龄" (普洛提斯)。
Faculty denotes an inherent power or ability:
Faculty 指内在的力量或能力:
An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.
能无误地看出伪善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。
Talent emphasizes inborn ability, especially in the arts:
Talent 强调天生的才能,尤其是在艺术方面:
"There is no substitute for talent. Industry and all the virtues are of no avail" (Aldous Huxley)。
"勤奋及其他的品质都不能弥补天分的不足" (阿尔多斯。赫胥黎)。
Skill stresses ability that is acquired or developed through experience:
Skill 强调由经验而获得或发展的能力:
"The intellect, character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received" (Edward L. Thorndike)。
"任何人的知识、性格和能力都是由起初的兴趣加上后来接受的训练而得到的。" (爱德华L。桑戴克)。
Competence suggests the ability to do something satisfactorily but not necessarily outstandingly well:
Competence 指能做到使人满意但并不一定特别出众的能力:
The concerto was performed by a violinist of unquestioned competence but limited imagination.
小提琴家所演奏的协奏曲毫无疑问是出色的,但是缺乏想像力。
Aptitude implies inherent capacity for learning, understanding, or performing:
Aptitude 暗指内在的学习、理解和表演的才能:
Even as a child he showed an unusual aptitude for mathematics.
甚至孩童时他就显露出非同一般的数学才能。
complete perfect
虽然都有"完全的"含义,但并非同义词,在许多情况下它们只是词义相近而已。
complete 的含义是"完整无缺的"、"圆满的"
He is a complete stranger to me.
我一点也不认识他。(可以和 perfect 换用)
Before long, the noise dropped completely。
不久,那轰鸣声就完全消失了。
perfect 不仅可表示"完整无缺"、"完全"或"纯粹",而且含有"完美无缺"、"匀称"或"健全"的含义,总之它可以表示"尽善尽美"。由上可见, perfect 可以表示complete的含义,而complete只能表示perfect的一部分含义。 但是a complete stranger和a perfect stranger没有什么差异,complete happiness 和perfect happiness都表示了"美满的幸福".
But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.
正象他们不久就发现的那样,化装效果有时可能太完美无缺了。
It is a perfect alibi。
这完全是在开脱罪责。
It’s a perfect stranger here.
我在这里完全是个陌生人。(可以换用 complete)
注:perfect 的同义词有 whole, entire; complete 的同义词有 full, plenary。
End emphasizes finality:
End 强调结果:
We ended the meal with fruit and cheese.
我们最后吃的是水果和奶酪。
"Where laws end, tyranny begins" (William Pitt)。
"哪里没有法制,暴政就从哪里开始" (威廉姆。皮特)。
Finish is sometimes interchangeable with complete:
Finish 有时可与complete互换。
close shut
close 比较普通,有时可以和shut互换使用,但它更强调"不让某人或某物进入或通过"的意思,有时有"不接纳"的意思,但通常表示"关闭"这一动作
It’s Sunday,so all the shops are closed.
今天是星期天,所以这些店铺都关门了。
I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.
我肯定没有办法再把箱子关上了。
shut 与 close 的含义差别在于,shut仅表示"关闭"之状态,不包含"不让进入"或"不接纳"的意思
As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.
它一旦从外面把门打开,便走进园子里等着关门。
在某些习语中,只有shut而不用close.
Shut up!
住口!
He found every road to the accomplishment of his desire shut against him.
他发现通向实现自己愿望的所有道路都被堵死了。
He shut his eyes to the severs reality.
对于这严峻的现实,他是闭着眼睛不肯看的。
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