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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 《英语学习》2002年10期 > 普京获得俄民众支持

Putin Wins Wide Support in Russian Opinion Poll

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/01/06 12:35 《英语学习》

　　His personal style garners Russian votes and hearts

　　Russian President Vladimir Putin is supported by 75 per cent of Russian citizens, according to a poll conducted by a Russian news agency on January 30.But Putin has done more than won Russians' votes and confidence. He has won their admiration in a way some compare to the often extreme feelings expressed for Josef Stalin.

　　Analysts and politicians marvel at the "Putin phenomenon"—a post-Soviet leader with approval ratings exceeding 70 per cent after more than two years, who has managed to win over parties that often opposed his predecessor Boris Yeltsin. And there is no credible rival in sight to the man who is expected to seek re-election in 2004.

　　"A new phenomenon appeared in Russia last autumn—the notion of complete trust in the president and not just trust as expressed in an opinion poll,"said Gleb Pavlovsky, director of the pro-Kremlin Fund for Effective Policy.

　　Pavlovsky is one of the thinkers who helped propel Putinsintosthe Kremlin in a March 2000 landslide election.

　　Two months earlier, Putin had taken over as president following Yeltsin's surprise resignation.

　　"You can get angry at a relative and even getsintosa fist-fight, but you have to think of putting things right. That's how things are with Putin. People who fall out with him end upshavingsto patch up relations and say good things about him.?

　　Russian politicians have learned that it pays to stay on good terms with the president, given his immense popularity.

　　Comparisons are inevitable with Yeltsin, cheered when battling Soviet rule, but deeply unpopular at different periods of his nine years in office as he struggled to introduce market reforms which often bit deeplysintosRussians?poor savings.

　　Unlike the flamboyant Yeltsin, Putin goes about his work quietly and methodically. And unlike Yeltsin, he goes out of his way to satisfy widely different sections of the electorate.

　　He satisfies left and right

　　Ivanenko said Putin has proved quite willing to satisfy left-wingers by reinstating the Soviet-era national anthem.

　　He also has kept liberals happy through tax reform, an overhaul of the legal system and proposals to do away with conscription. The same liberals have been enraged by the closure, on legal and financial grounds, of two television channels and the import of spent nuclear fuel for reprocessing."It is not based on the principle of giving a little bit to each side, but rather a very clever blend of policies,"Ivanenko said. "This is the essence of his personality, what makes him stand out.

　　Voters associate Putin with stability and predictability, in contrast with the volatile Yeltsin who fired four prime ministers in 17 months.

　　But analysts say that his approval is tempered by the fact that public debate has been replaced by a single man making most decisions.

　　"I fear that we may have become hostages to the opinions and actions of one man,"Ivanenko said.

普京获得俄民众支持

　　A woman holds a poster with a photo of acting president Vladimir Putin during a rally in central Moscow ahead of the presidential election. The writing on the poster says: "Honest, intelligent, firm, active, persistent". The first letters of the words in Russian make up the name Putin.

　　这篇文章选自2002年2月7日的《21世纪报》，《21世纪报》由中国日报社出版，但其文字要比《中国日报》简单、生动，特别是一些由外国人执笔的专栏文章更值得品味、推敲。一个复杂的概念，到他们的笔下却如此轻松、流畅、亲切，意思被表达得如此贴切，大有可学之处。

　　弗拉基米尔-普京是当今世界倍受关注的一个人物。这篇就是关于他的特写，谈的是普京在俄罗斯人民中的威望及在民意测验中得到的支持。当然文章也涉及他工作作风的方方面面。

　　opinion poll不言自明是民意测验，poll是得票率的意思。

　　COLLINS COBUILD Essential English Dictionary对于文章小标题中的garner一词是这样解释的：If you garner information, you collect it, often with some difficulty. EG. A certain amount can be garnered from the British press.

　　特写第一段用一句话说明了普京在民众心中的地位。

　　第二段就此进一步发挥，第一句话实际上是承上启下的一个转折，用的句式是比较级：But Putin has done more than won Russians?votes and confidence.,在看到这个句子时，我们注意到的是... has done more than won ...这看来似乎再简单不过了，但我们有多少人会用这样一个比较级呢？更多人会这样写... has not only ... but also ...,想表达“不但……而且……”，很少或几乎不可能想到... more than ...。比较级是英语里很难真正掌握的语法，要用得娴熟必须有大量的阅读为基础。

　　第三段一些读者也许会在marvel at这里止步，毕竟，marvel at不是常用词，我们更熟悉的是surprised at，而结构则是someone is surprised at,同样是吃惊，我们很少会想到用一个动词来表达，从surprise与marvel两个词的区别来说，marvel除了“惊奇”之外，还有一层“称羡”的意思。

　　第五段中有两点需要注意，一是propel，propel在工业上是“推进”的意思，这里当然是进了一步，用的是其引申的意思。第二个landslide election，这是选举中常出现的“压倒性优势”。

　　第七段中...fall out with him按COLLINS COBUILD Essential English Dictionary词典的解释是：If you fall out with someone, you have an argument and stop being friendly with him.这相当于have nothing more to do with someone。

　　这一段中有两次用了things。如果把things用活了，你的表达能力自然大大扩展了，这里的putting things right. / That誷how things are with Putin.就是两个很好的例子。如果你用change the unhappy situation Putin is in.不能说不对，但英文味道就不一样了。

　　不要小看things这个词。你如果每次见到有things的短语都能驻足思索，有意识地记一下，想一下，或许你的英语会从呆板走向活泼，从拘谨走向自然。

　　请看下面选自Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English的有关例句：

　　It is just one of those things. (You mean that you cannot explain why something happens.)

　　I can't come on Thursday. The thing is, I're already arranged to do something on Thursday.

　　这一段里另一个值得注意的语言点是一个句型，即end up doing something.

　　下面一段中有it pays to... given his immense popularity. pay这样的用法你如果没见过，不妨查一下COLLINS COBUILD，那里的第5条释义如下：it results in some advantage or benefit for you，例句是：It pays to keep on the right side of your boss.

　　同一句中后半部分的given his immense popularity又如何解释呢？

　　除了根据上下文来推断它的含义外，可以专查一下given这个词。LDCE说得很清楚。它是介词，其意思是：something is not surprising when you consider the situation。有人说，我查的怎么不是这个意思，别急，你可能只看了given1,这里你必须查given2 prep才对。那你又怎么知道要选用第二个释义呢？

　　归根结底还是靠你的推断和猜测能力，词典的释义无非是证实一下你的推断，学习词汇本身就不是一个机械背诵的问题，而是需要有耐心思索的毅力及敏捷的联想能力。

　　回过头来看一下LDCE中有关的例子：

　　Given the circumstances, you're coped well.

　　Given [ + that]: Given that there was little time，I think they're done a good job.

　　应注意这个given多半用于较正式的文体。

　　以上这几段都是对于普京的总的评价及对他在俄罗斯人民心目中的地位的看法。

　　后面几段有一个小标题，讲他所采取的政策，小标题的题目是：He satisfied left and right意思是他在政策上照顾到持各方面不同政见的人的情绪和意见，满足他们的愿望。...on legal and financial grounds:这里的grounds准确意思应该是reason, especially one that makes you think that something is true and correct, LDCE P.628举例包括on moral/legal grounds: He refused to sign the contract on moral grounds.

　　这部分第三段中a very clever blend of policies意思是“巧妙地将不同政策结合在一起”。blend原意是把不同的东西搅和在一起，如做蛋糕时就要将面粉、糖、鸡蛋打在一起；用在政策上很明显是其引申的意思，由具体变成了抽象。它的词义是：to combine different features or characteristics in a way that produce an effective or pleasant result。

　　在对普京的评价中，作者用了分析家们的批评意见，其中所用的...is tempered by the fact that...,意思是让原本难的，不易为人接受的变成容易而能为人接受的，把原来不愉快的事变成愉快的。

　　最后这两段从But analysts say...到“... actions of one man,”Ivanenko said.止，某种意义上表示了作者的担忧。

　　最后一段中的“... we may have become hostages to...”中的hostage一般作“人质”讲，这里当然不理解为“我们都可能成为……的人质”，而应该是：被一个人的看法及行动所支配、束缚。

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