作者：大妮子

　　本栏目是由世博英语(360abc.com)大妮子原创编写！从零开始，循序渐进，地道英语，轻松入门！世博英语版权所有！未经书面授权，请勿转载！

　　本课您将学到：public的用法，harm, damage, injure, hurt辨析，not until句型

　　One of the most recognizable(可辨认的) structures(建筑物) in the world, one can 't say they're been to Washington D.C. until they have seen the White House. The home of the leader of the free world is open to the public five days a week from 10 – noon.

　　白宫被称为世界上最易识别的建筑之一。没有到过白宫，就没有到过华盛顿。这个自由王国领导人的家，每周五天，从10点到中午，向游人开放。

　　Originally(原来) known as the Executive Mansion(官邸), construction(建造) of the White House began in 1792 under the direction(领导) of George Washington. The structure was not completed until 1800, so ironically(讽刺地) Washington is the only President not to live there.

　　1792年，乔治·华盛顿领导修建白宫作为总统官邸。讽刺的是，这座建筑1800年才竣工，华盛顿成了唯一没在这儿住过的总统。

　　The executive mansion was torched(纵火) by British troops(军队) in 1814, during the War of 1812. The structural(建筑的) damage caused by the fire was repaired but the exterior(外部的) sandstone(砂岩) walls were still black with fire damage. The walls were then painted white, giving birth to the nick name(呢称) "The White House". An act of Congress(国会) made this the official name in 1902.

　　在1812年开始的战争中，英国人于1814年防火烧毁了这座府邸。后来，人们修缮了建筑，可砂岩墙壁上的黑色痕迹却去不掉。人们把墙壁粉刷成白色，它也因此而得名“白宫”。1902年国会以此作为它的正式名字。

　　Every President has left his mark(痕迹) upon the White House. Thomas Jefferson added terraces(露台、大阳台) to the east and west wings(侧厅、厢房), Andrew Jackson installed running water, and Harry Truman added a porch(门廊). Bill Clinton's addition to the White House was an indoor-running track(跑道).

　　每位总统都在白宫留下一些痕迹。托马斯·杰弗逊为东西厢建造了露台，安德鲁·杰克逊安装了自来水，哈里·杜鲁门增加了门廊，比尔·克林顿则带来了室内跑道。

　　【世博读书笔记】

　　1.public

　　(1)做形容词，意思是“公共的、公用的”，如：

　　You mustn't do that in a public place.

　　你不可在公共场所做那事。

　　(2)做名词，表示“公众、民众”，通常前面加the，如：

　　The public was provoked to anger.

　　公众被激怒了。

　　(3)短语in public，意思是“公开地、当众”，举个例子：

　　He is going to make a speech in public.

　　他将当众发表演说。

　　2.harm, damage, injure, hurt辨析

　　(1)harm 的含义侧重于“损害，伤害”，可指精神或肉体的伤害，程度较轻，如：

　　Don't harm your eyes by reading in dim light.

　　不要在暗淡的灯光下看书而伤害了眼睛。

　　(2)injure指“损害，受伤”，着重容貌、机能的损坏，例如：

　　She was injured badly in the accident.

　　事故中她受了伤。

　　(3)damage意为“破坏，损坏”，如：

　　Hundreds of houses were damaged by the storm.

　　暴风雨毁坏了数百家房屋。

　　(4)hurt指“伤害；刺痛”，尤指在精神或肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛，例如：

　　No feelings were hurt though the criticism was sharp.

　　批评虽然尖锐，却未伤感情。

　　【世博句型留言板】

　　not until…

　　这个句型从形式上看是否定句，但并非否定意思。until也可单独使用，表示“直到……为止”。

　　The doctor didn’t start the operation until the room was bright enough.

　　医生直到房间里的灯足够亮了，才开始做手术。

　　Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

　　直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

　　练习：

　　1.我直到他回来才离开。

　　2.汤姆直到做完作业才回家。

　　今天的节目里，为大家介绍了一下英语知识：

　　1.Public的用法，

　　2.harm, damage, injure, hurt辨析

　　3.not until句型

　　练习答案：

　　1.I will not leave until he comes back.

　　2.Tom didn’t go home until he finished his homework.