【考点概述】

　　形容词作表语，形容词和副词的关系，形容词和副词的比较等级的构成、用法是中考常考查之处。

　　【知识梳理】

　　I.形容词的主要用法：形容词用来说明人或物是什么样或者看上去怎么样。大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语。形容词作定语，修饰名词，表示名词的属性，一般放在它所修饰的名词前。形容词作表语，位于连系动词be,seem,look,become,get,feel,turn,grow等之后；但必须熟记：①少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，被称作"表语形容词"，常见的有：ill(生病的),alone,asleep,afraid。②形容词修饰anything, something, everything, nothing等复合不定代词时，形容词要放在复合不定代词之后。③由连字符连接起来的复合形容词作定语时，总是放在被修饰名词的前面，而且复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式，如：an eighteen-year-old boy(一个十八岁的男孩)。④某些形容词前用定冠词the,变为名词化的形容词，表示一类人或一类事物，如the rich／the rich people(富人)。

　　II.副词的主要用法：副词修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。①表示"经常与否"的副词又称为频度副词，如：always, usually, often, sometimes,hardly,never,ever等置于句子中间，sometimes也可放在句首。②修饰形容词及其它副词的程度副词，如：much,a little,very,almost等通常放在所修饰词的前面，但enough要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。

　　III.易混用的形容词(副词)：

　　①good与well：good是形容词，作定语或表语；well是副词，修饰动词，放在动词后面，若有宾语，放在宾语之后，但作"(身体)好"讲时，well是形容词。如：

　　-How are you?你好吗？

　　-Extremely well.非常好。

　　②still,yet,already,still(仍然)一般放在动词之前，系动词之后；yet(尚、仍然)一般用于否定句或疑问句句末；already(已经)一般放在助动词后，行为动词之前，有时也可放在句末。already通常只用于陈述句，在疑问句中是表示对已发生的事感到惊讶。但不能用于否定句。

　　IV.形容词、副词比较级的信息标志词

　　①than是比较级中最常见的标志词。如：

　　My cake is bigger than Lily's.

　　注：在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。

　　②much,a lot,a little,a bit。这些可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示程度。如：

　　Wu Dong is a little taller than Wang Fang.

　　This lesson is a bit easier than the last lesson.

　　③even。用来修饰形容词或副词，表示"程度进一步加深"。如：

　　It's cold today,but it is going to be even colder tomorrow.

　　注：要特别注意very,quite,rather等程度副词一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。

　　④get／become...and...。在这里and连接的同一个形容词或副词常用比较级，表示"变得越来越……"的意思。如：It gets warmer

　　and warmer when spring comes.

　　⑤The...,the...。此句型表示"越……，越……"，要用形容词或副词的比较级。如：

　　The higher you stand,the farther you'll see.你站得越高，就看得越远。

　　注：表示"越来越……"时，若比较级是"原级＋er"构成的，则常用"比较级＋and＋比较级"形式；若比较级是"more＋原级"构成的，则需用"more and more＋原级形式"。如：The baby cried harder and harder.／Our hometown is getting more and more beautiful.比较级前面一般不加the，但比较范围若为"of the wo..."，其前的冠词the不可省略。

　　⑥or。在选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词或副词要用比较级形式。如：Which do you like better，milk or tea?

　　⑦"as＋原级＋as"这是表示"甲与乙一样"时的比较结构。如：He worked as hard as his brother.

　　⑧"not as／so＋原级＋as"这是表示"甲不如乙"时的比较结构。如：This book is not as(so)interesting as that one.

　　V.形容词、副词最高级的信息标志词

　　⑴in／of／among。它们在句中表示范围时，要用形容词或副词的最高级形式。介词in后面常接的是表示单位、团体、组织、时间概念等单数名词或代词；of后面接"the＋基数词＋(复数名词)"或"all the＋复数名词"；介词among后接宾格代词us,you,them或指示代词these，those。如：

　　①Who is the fattest student in their class?

　　②Of all the planets the Venus(金星)is the nearest to the earth.

　　③This picture is the most beautiful among these.

　　⑵or。在选择疑问句中，如果有三者(以上)供选择且有or连接时，前面的形容词或副词要用最高级。如：Which is the biggest,the moon,the earth or the sun?

　　⑶one of the＋…＋复数名词。表示"(在众多当中)最……之一"的意思，这是形容词最高级中常见的句型。如：

　　①Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world.

　　②He is one of the tallest boys in our class.

　　注：①形容词最高级前可用序数词限定，共同修饰后面的名词。例如：Taiwan is the first biggest island in China.台湾是中国的第一大岛。②形容词的最高级前通常用定冠词the，但当其有限定词(形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词等)时，则不再用the；副词最高级前的the常省略。

　　VI.形容词、副词比较等级句型的相互转换

　　常见的比较等级之间的转换有：

　　1.not so／as＋原级＋as可改为"比较级＋than"。

　　2.not so／as＋原级＋as可改为"less＋原级(多音节词)＋than"。

　　3.最高级＋of／in短语可改为"比较级＋than any other＋单数名词／than any of the others／anyone else／anything else"。

　　4.like…better(than)可改为"prefer…(to)"。

　　5.like…best可改为be one's favourite。

　　6.同义词转换中，若用反义词或词组替换，有时要注意上下句主语间的互换。

　　【考题精选】

　　I.形容词、副词基本用法的考查。

　　1.-Have you got my e-mail today?

　　-Oh，there's with my computer.It doesn't work.

　　A.something wrong B.anything wrong

　　C.nothing wrong D.every thing wrong.(2003甘肃)

　　2.Emma always makes a lot of mistakes.She is .

　　A.care B.careful C.carefully D.careless(2003吉林)

　　3.It is to work out this problem.You needn't go to the teacher.

　　A.enough easy B.easily enough

　　C.easy enough D.very easily(2003天津)

　　4.-Is the physics problem?

　　-Yes.I can work it out .

　　A.easy,easily B.easy,easy C.easily,easy D.easily,easily(2003黄冈)

　　5.When they met in the hotel，they talked and laughed .

　　A.happily B.happy C.happier D.happiest(2003桂林)

　　II.比较等级的考查

　　6.Now the air in our hometown is than it was before.Something must be done.

　　A.much better B.more worse C.more better D.much worse(2003广州)

　　7.-I will give you some nice picture books.

　　-Good.The,the .

　　A.more,better B.many,better

　　C.most,best D.much,better(2003厦门)

　　8.Lesson Ten is than Lesson Nine.

　　A.difficult B.more difficult

　　C.difficulter D.very difficult(2003广州)

　　9.I was feeling tired last night,so I went to bed than usual.

　　A.early B.earlier

　　C.late D.later(2003山西)

　　10.Jim is running Bruce.They are neck and neck.

　　A.faster than B.as fast as

　　C.as faster as D.more slowly than(2003黑龙江)

　　III.比较等级互换的考查

　　11.John is the cleverest boy in his class.(改为同义句)

　　John is than boy in his class.(2003哈尔滨)

　　12.If you eat more,you will become fatter and fatter.

　　The you eat,the you will be.(2003桂林)

　　13.Jim likes football better than volleyball.

　　Jim football volleyball.(2003广东)

　　14.Ron is the strongest in his class.

　　is stronger than Ron in his class.(2003山东聊城)

　　15.August is the hottest month in China.

　　August is than in China.(2003四川内江)

　　【拓展训练】同义句型转换(在每个空格中填入适当的词，使上下句意思相同)

　　1.A：What's your favourite color?

　　B：What you?

　　2.A：Jane got to school earlier than any other student.

　　B：Jane got to school all the student.

　　3.A：He doesn't think art is so interesting as music.

　　B：Ithink music is than art.

　　4.A：Li Lei jumped highest of all.

　　B：Li Lei in the jump of all.

　　5.A：Chinese is more popular than Japanese.

　　B：Japanese is popular Chinese.

　　6.A：Jim and Tom were born in the same year.

　　B：Jim is as Tom.

　　7.A：He runs fastest in his class.

　　B：runs faster than he in his class.

　　8.A：A computer is more useful than a TV.

　　B：A TV is not useful a computer.

　　9.A：Tom doesn't work so carefully as Jim.

　　B：Tom works than Jim.

　　10.A：They prefer Chinese food to Japanese food.

　　B：They Chinese food than Japanese food.

　　Answers:

　　【考题精选】1-5 ADCAA；6-10 DABBB；

　　11.cleverer,any other 12.more,fatter 13.prefers,to 14.Nobody else 15.hotter,any other month

　　【拓展训练】1.colour do,like best 2.earliest of 3.more interesting 4.did best,high 5.less,than 6.as old 7.Nobody 8.so(as),as 9.less carefully 10. like, better

　　(文/江西会昌邱世才；英语通初三版2003年第12期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)