I. Basic Knowledge(Vocabulary and Grammar)

　　A. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.

　　1. After becoming paralyzed, Frank had to get used to the loss of ________ . Therefore he hated to having to depend on others for things he once did by himself.

　　A. authorityB. autonomy

　　C. attractionD. dependence

　　2. People in this town wanted to ________ this overpriced shop although it had big variety of goods.

　　A. brakeB. boycott C. broaden D. boast

　　3. Mrs. Johnson always asks her little son to be ________ of the strangers when she is absent.

　　A. curious B. careless

　　C. cautious D. attentive

　　4. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to ________ funds from armaments to health and education.

　　A. derive B. dispatch

　　C. deprive D. divert

　　5. Kenya's Game Park ________ Susan much of the wildlife park she had visited in New Jersey.

　　A. evoked B. recalled

　　C. reminded D. remembered

　　6. The river is already ________ its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.

　　A. filled withB. full of

　　C. flat on D. flush with

　　7. Lewis is an excellent swimmer and he can other rivals without any problems.

　　A. get ahead fromB. get about

　　C. get rid ofD. get the better of

　　8. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to ________ her laughter.

　　A. hold backB. hold on

　　C. hold outD. hold up

　　9. Those figures are ________ of the economic and technological developments of our country as well as the political and cultural changes in Chinese history.

　　A. indignant B. indefinite

　　C. indicative D. incredible

　　10. A wise use of vacation is to take part in a summer vacation program on a campus. This kind of program is open to alumni and non-alumni ________ .

　　A. likelyB. likeC. sameD. alike

　　11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ________ in transit.

　　A. misusedB. mishandled

　　C. mistakenD. mislaid

　　12. People with a university education are ________ more competent for their work than those without one.

　　A. likelyB. necessarily

　　C. normallyD. fortunately

　　13. The new item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________ .

　　A. on the spot B. on the side

　　C. on the locationD. on the ground

　　14. Only an artist could ________ the fine shades of color in the paintings.

　　A. purchaseB. perceive

　　C. polishD. pursue

　　15. The TV announcers apologized for the breakdown and said that normal service would be ________ as soon as possible.

　　A. reserved B. resumed

　　C. recited D. reclaimed

　　16. We did not have time to read the whole novel, so the teacher prepared a_________for us.

　　A. synopsis B. symposium

　　C. synthesis D. symmetry

　　17. Most information has been ________ by graphic means, such as letters or drawings, or by waves, such as sound waves or electromagnetic signals.

　　A. transported B. transacted

　　C. transmitted D. transcended

　　18. ________ I admit that there are problems, I don't think that they cannot be solved.

　　A. UnlessB. Until

　　C. UselessD. While

　　19. He is of ________ moods; he never finishes what he starts.

　　A. variety B. various

　　C. variedD. variable

　　20. You will believe that the younger generation will prove ________ of our trust.

　　A. worthwhile B. worthless

　　C. worth D. worthy

　　B. Fill in the blanks with the word, according to the meaning of the sentence.

　　1. The town is only a ________ by river as there are no any other ways of reaching our city.

　　2. I couldn't understand what the manager said at the meeting. His saying b ________ me.

　　3. It is really impossible at times to capture the con ________ of words when we translate them into foreign languages.

　　4. I believe the house was de ________ set fire to.

　　5. Last Sunday all the students of our class went on a day e ________ to a beautiful national park.

　　6. Frankly speaking, some courses in our college are not really ge ________ to the needs of the students and our society as well.

　　7. The government in________ a mass campaign to wipe out malaria in that district.

　　8. The microscope can m ________ the object so that we see it bigger than its proper size.

　　9. I could not wish for a more p ________ occasion on which to announce my plans for enlarging our establishments.

　　10. The two scientists working independently made the same invention si ________ .

　　11. They managed to re ________ valuable raw materials from industrial wastes.

　　12. The riders wanted to stop tr ________ , so they pulled gently on the reins and the horse slowed to a walk.

　　13. We do not mean to be disrespectful when we refuse to follow the advice of our ve ________ teachers.

　　14. The condition of the old castle walls has w ________ over the years.

　　15. The evidence produced so far does not w ________ the conclusion that the driver was negligent.

　　C. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, according to correct grammar usage.

　　1. The girl listened carefully ________ she might discover exactly what he needed.

　　A. so as that B. providing

　　C. in order thatD. in case

　　2. Reading this English novel from time to time, I must look up words ________ .

　　A. the meaning of which I do not know

　　B. whose meanings I am not familiar

　　C. I don't know their meanings

　　D. whose meanings I do not know

　　3. ________ that if he never prepares his lesson, he is not going to pass the examinations.

　　A. It sounds to reason

　　B. It happens to be

　　C. It stands for D. It is doubtful

　　4. Were the diameter of a wire smaller diameter, its resistance ________ .

　　A. had been increased

　　B. would be increased

　　C. might have been increased

　　D. was increased

　　5. All of us decided to stop to have dinner, ________ we were feeling very hungry.

　　A. moreover B. for

　　C. whereasD. consequently

　　6. The number and diversity of British newspapers ________ considerable.

　　A. have beenB. are C. wereD. is

　　7. Mary is reading________.

　　A. an exciting, detective old story

　　B. an old, exciting detective story

　　C. an exciting, old detective story

　　D. a detective, old exciting story

　　8. Having potential energy, a body may be in motion without any external force________.

　　A. to act itB. acting on it

　　C. act on itD. acts on it

　　9. He was too sick to stay here; ________ , we sent him home.

　　A. however B. furthermore

　　C. otherwiseD. accordingly

　　10. ________ through the field the wild flowers provide an interesting subject to study.

　　A. While walking B. As one walks

　　C. Having walked

　　D. When you have walked

　　11. The reason ________ I want to take that class is ________ the professor is supposed to be eloquent.

　　A. why; forB. why; because

　　C. that; becauseD. that; that

　　12. A subject weighs ________ from the surface of the earth.

　　A. less, the farther it gets

　　B. the farther it gets, the less

　　C. less than it gets farther

　　D. less than it, the farther it gets

　　13. He was told under no circumstances ________ the computer.

　　A. he may useB. may he use

　　C. he uses D. may use he

　　14. All the members in the golf club resented ________ .

　　A. the director that he did not tell them about the meeting

　　B. the director not to inform them of the meeting

　　C. the director's not informing them of the meeting

　　D. that the director had failed informing them there was going to be a meeting

　　15. " I am surprised to learn that you are going back to Chicago." " Yes, I'd hoped that I ________ have to go back again, but I do."

　　A. don't B. won't C. hadn't D. wouldn't

　　16. It was so inconceivable that she would have done such a foolish thing ________ the suggestion was made that she might have been crazy.

　　A. forB. thatC. andD. but

　　17. I ________ to him because he would come back as he informed us.

　　A. needn't have written

　　B. ought to have written

　　C. must have written

　　D. couldn't have written

　　18. ________ rain now, the farmers would have to postpone the harvest.

　　A. It shouldB. Will it

　　C. Should itD. When it will

　　19. ________ if he is willing to fit in with the plans of the group.

　　A. There is no objection on him joining the party

　　B. There is no objection on his joining the party

　　C. No objection will be raised upon him joining the party

　　D. There is no objection to his joining the party

　　20. Ultrasonic sounds produce pulsed signals, ________ various defects in metal can be detected.

　　A. by means of whichB. from them

　　C. by whoseD. which

　　D. Rewrite the following sentences based on the requirement given after each sentence.

　　1. The handsome and considerate boy helped the blind man cross the busy street. (改为强调句)

　　2. Abraham Lincoln is the dearest president to the Americans of all the important figures in the USA history. (改为强调句)

　　3. I could hardly understand what the teacher said at the beginning of the lecture that day. (改为倒装句)

　　4. The little boy can not only speak French fluently, but also he can speak correctly. (改为倒装句)

　　5. A semiconductor has poorer conductivity than a conductor. We can learn this from the word itself. (改为定语从句)

　　6. Mary's two brothers are working in Scotland, and they both ring her up nearly once a week. (改为定语从句)

　　7. The chairman had to hurry the meeting. Otherwise it might not come to an end before darkness approached. (改为状语从句)

　　8. The timid girl was extremely nervous and she could catch nothing at all of the speech though she did her utmost. (改为状语从句)

　　9. I was ill that day, so I did not take part in the parade with my roommates. (改为虚拟语气)

　　10. It is a pity that I didn't pay enough attention to my English study when I was a pupil like you now. (改为虚拟语气)

　　II. Comprehensive Exercises

　　A. Reading comprehension

　　(A)

　　If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms are in trouble. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firms in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible price-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.

　　The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate pecking order. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to chief Executive Officer. By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm.

　　While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work force, in fact, they invest less in the skill of their employees than do either Japan or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.

　　As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American worker, for example, take much longer time to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany as they do, the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at full capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

　　1. Which of the following applies to the human-resource management of the American firms?

　　A. They hire people for the least possible money regardless of their skills.

　　B. They see skill gaining as their employee's own business.

　　C. They prefer to hire self-trained workers.

　　D. They only hire skilled workers for the keen employment competition.

　　2. What is the position of the executive of human-resource management in the American firms?

　　A. He is one of the most important executives of the firm.

　　B. His post is likely to disappear when the new technologies have been introduced.

　　C. He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.

　　D. He is directly under the chief financial executives.

　　3. The money most American firms put in work force training mainly goes on　.

　　A. technological and managerial staff

　　B. workers who will run the new equipment

　　C. workers who lack basic background skills

　　D. top executives

　　4. Why is there a slow pace of technological change in the American firms?

　　A. New equipment in America is more expensive.

　　B. American firms don't pay enough attention to on-the-job training of their workers.

　　C. The decision-making process in American firms makes them less responsive to technological changes.

　　D. The professional staff of American firms are less paid and so less creative.

　　5. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. American firms' human-resource management strategies affect their competitive capacity.

　　B. Human-resource management is a key factor in a firm's survival.

　　C. The cost of work force training in America is higher than that in Japan and Germany.

　　D. American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.

　　(B)

　　Most Americans spend most of their leisure time with the mass media than in other occupation. In addition, most of us hear, see, or read some of the media while engaged in other activities. Thus an extremely large number of our waking hours are spent with the mass media. Of all the media, television is clearly dominant, with newspaper close second, at least as a source of news and other information. Our exposure to all media is important, however, because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. For most people, increased use of one medium does not decrease use of another. In fact, in certain cases, and especially for certain purposes, the more one uses one medium, the more likely one is to use others.

　　There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively, avoiding much of the material with which you disagree. Some of that selective exposure is probably due to the psychological pressure you feel to avoid the discomfort caused by confrontation with facts and ideas contrary to your beliefs, attitudes, or behavior. However, some selective exposure is not due to the pressure for consistency but to other factors, such as your age, education, and even the area in which you live and the people with whom you associate.

　　Quite a different sort of factor that affects your media experiences is the social context of exposure: whether you are alone or with others when you are exposed to a medium; whether you are at home, at the office, in a theatre, and so on. These contexts are as much as a potential part of the message you will form as film images on the screen or words on the page. In addition, that social context affects-both directly and indirectly-the media and the media content to which you become exposed. New friends or colleagues get you interested in different things. Other members of the family often select media content that you would not have selected, and you become exposed to it.

　　These various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned.

　　Questions:

　　6. Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if ________________________________.

　　7. Why are newspapers considered as important media according to the passage?

　　________________________________.

　　8. For one reason or another, people's exposure to the media is often ________________________________.

　　9. Apart from personal preferences, what determines one's choice of the media and the media content? ________________________________.

　　10. The last sentence of the passage indicates that one's exposure to the media is ________________________________..

　　B. Cloze

　　Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an　11　should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually,　12　, most people make several job choices during their working lives　13　because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve　14　position. The " one prefect job" does not exist. Young people should 15　enter into a broad flexible training program that will　16　them for a field of work rather than for a single　17　.

　　Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans　18　benefit of help from a competent vocational counsel or psychologist. Knowing　19　about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss　20　. Some drift from job to job. Others　21 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.

　　One common mistake is choosing an occupation for　22　real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students-or their parents for them-choose the profes-sional field,　23 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal　24　. The imagined or real prestige of a professional or a " white-collar" job is　25　good reason for choosing it as a life's work.　26　, these occupa-tions are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the　27　of young people should give serious　28　to these fields.

　　Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants　29　life and how hard he is willing to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take 30 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.

　　11.A. identificationB. entertainment

　　C. occupation D. accommodation

　　12.A. therefore B. however

　　C. though D. thereby

　　13.A. entirely B. mainly

　　C. largely D. partly

　　14. A. its B. his C. theirD. our

　　15. A. thereforeB. since

　　C. furthermore D. forever

　　16. A. fitB. make C. take D. leave

　　17. A. wayB. job C. means D. company

　　18. A. toB. for C. withD. without

　　19. A. fewB. littleC. much D. a lot

　　20. A. basisB. chance

　　C. purpose　D. opportunity

　　21. A. applyB. appealC. turnD. stick

　　22. A. its B. our C. yourD. their

　　23. A. concerning　B. following

　　C. disregarding D. considering

　　24.A. requirementsB. preferences

　　C. tendencies D. ambitions

　　25. A. a B. anyC. theD. no

　　26. A. Therefore B. However

　　C. Moreover D. Nevertheless

　　27. A. massB. majority

　　C. minorityD. multitude

　　28. A. proposalB. suggestion

　　C. appraisal D. consideration

　　29. A. towards B. against

　　C. without D. out of

　　30. A. turnsB. partsC. risks D. choices

　　C. Error correction

　　As a young girl, Elizabeth Barrette Browning ruptured a blood vessel on the lungs which was not cured. Her physician　31. ________

　　consigned her to a much milder climate for the winter and she went to Devonshire for recuperation. Among the family members who accompanied her to those healing shores was her eldest brother; for a whole year they lived side by side in affectionate companionship; she was all a while being greatly benefited　32. ________

　　by the wilder sea breezes of Torquay.　33. ________

　　One summer morning her brother embarked on board a small sailboat with two friends for a nice trip of several hours around the coast. Just as the vessel came in a sight of　　34. ________

　　the window where Miss Barrett sat watching, the boat struck a sinking reef, and all who　　35. ________

　　were in it went down and perished in the sea, before assistance could be rendered. None of the body were ever found although the　36. ________

　　whole village, full of sympathy, assembled to search.

　　This was the tragedy which utterly prostrated for some years afterwards the health and soul of Barrett. Somehow she felt that she herself had in some measures been　37. ________　

　　the cause of all this horror, and she suffered accordingly. Her whole being seemed shattered and a year more elapsed before she was able to move to London. This fatal event,　38. ________

　　which so saddened her youth, gave also a still deeper devotional feeling to her poems. The shadow feel upon her heart, and her spirit,　　39. ________

　　thus chastened, took the hue of sorrow so apparent in much of her earlier pieces.　40. ________

　　D. Translation

　　41. Television, which is one of the great new powers-for good or for bad-of this century, lets a public man talk to millions while they sit in their private homes seeing him as if he were in front of them.

　　42. A student of mathematics must become familiar with and fix in mind the signs and symbols, the definitions and technical terms in mathematics, in order that he may be able to have the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for further study.

　　43. Also, there was always the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.

　　44. Somewhat surprisingly , respectedlegal experts on either side of the capital punishment debate say that while money is often an issue, it was not the driving influence in the prosecutorial decisions about how to proceed against Mr. Simpson and Mrs. Smith.

　　45. A point on which all scientists agree as an ideal when discussing these matters is that a scientist should be responsible for presenting a true picture to the public about new developments in his own field, and for indicating possible implications so far as he can see them.

　　E. Writing

　　For this part, you are to write a composition entitled The Reading Preference of the USA College Students in 2002. Your composition should be no less than 150 words and base your paper on both the table and the outlines given below.

　　①美国大学生在图书馆借阅图书的情况;

　　②对此情况的评价;

　　③你通常喜欢哪一种借阅方式，你的理由?

　　参考答案及部分详解：

　　I. Basic Knowledge

　　A. 1-5 BBCDC 6-10 DDACD 11-15 DCABB 16-20 ACDDD

　　B. 1. accessible 2. baffled 3. connotation 4. deliberately 5. excursion 6. geared 7. initiated 8. magnify 9. proper 10. simultaneously 11. reclaim 12. trotting 13. venerable 14. worsened 15. warrant

　　C. 1-5 CDABB6-10 DBBDB 11-15 CABCD 16-20 BACDA

　　D. 1. It is the handsome and considerate boy who helped the blind man cross the busy street.

　　2. Of all the important figures in the USA history Abraham Lincoln is the dearest president to the Americans.

　　3. Hardly could I understand what the teacher said at the beginning of the lecture that day.

　　4. Not only can the little boy speak French fluently, but also he can speak correctly.

　　5. As can be learned from the word itself, a semiconductor has poorer conductivity than a conductor.

　　6. Mary's two brothers are working in Scotland, both of whom ring her up nearly once a week.

　　7. The chairman had to hurry the meeting so that it might come to an end before darkness approached.

　　8. The timid girl was too nervous to understand anything of the speech though she ever did her utmost.

　　9. If I had not been ill that day, I would have taken part in the parade with my roommates.

　　10. I wish I had paid enough attention to my English study when I was a pupil like you now.

　　II. Comprehensive Exercises

　　A. 1-5 BCABA

　　6. they want to know more about the world/they have more time and want more information

　　7. Because they are a source of news and information/Because they help us get some needed information.

　　8. selective and affected by different factors/selective and affected by personal preferences

　　9. The social context of exposure.

　　10. not planned by oneself/hardly planned

　　B. 11. C。occupation即"职业"，与文中career一词词义相同。

　　12. B。however,原因在于文章中句子表达的是转折关系。

　　13. D。partly一词与该句后面的and partly能够形成平衡对应关系。

　　14. C。their用来指代前面所说的most people。

　　15. A。therefore,上下文所表明的是顺接关系。

　　16. A。fit用作及物动词，表示"使适应，使适合"。

　　17. B。job与前面的work词义更为接近。

　　18. D。without,文意为否定意义，即"无法从……得到好处"。

　　19. B。little用来表示数量且具有否定意义，与文章所说年轻人对择业知之甚少相一致。

　　20. A。on a hit-or-miss basis意思是"在要么撞上要么错过的基础上"，引申为"基本上是盲目的"，仅此与上下文相一致。

　　21. D。stick，仅此项能够在词义和搭配上均与文章原句意思保持一致。

　　22. A。its,用来代替前面的occupation.

　　23. C。disregarding,根据上下文中原句表达的意思应是否定关系。

　　24. A。requirements,本句所说的是用人单位必须对从业者提出的能力要求。

　　25. D。no,上下文表明的是否定关系。

　　26. C。moreover,上下文表明的应是递进关系。

　　27. B。majority,原因在于根据上下文原句的意思为"大多数人都会选择一般性的、机械的、非智力性的工作"。

　　28. D。consideration,本句表达的是主动关系，只有consideration符合此义，其他三词表达的都是被给予的内容。

　　29. D。out of "由……之中"，符合句子原意：一个人想从生活中得到他想得到的东西。

　　30. C。risks,文章句子的意思是"有人想贪图安全，有人则愿意冒险"，前后表示的是反义关系。

　　C. 31.将cured改为healed。

　　32.将a改为the。all the while的意思是"始终，一直"，符合题意。

　　33.将wilder改为milder。

　　34.去掉a。in sight of为固定短语，其中没有冠词a。

　　35.将sinking改为sunken。

　　36.将body改为bodies。

　　37.将measures改为measure。表示"多少，稍微"的固定短语是in some measure。

　　38.将move改为be moved。

　　39.将feel改为fell。fall on意为"留在……上"，符合上下文语境。

　　40.将much改为many。

　　D. 41.电视是本世纪最伟大的新成就之一，它既可以用来造福人类，又可以用来宣扬邪恶。知名人士通过电视可以向坐在家中的无数观众进行讲演，在观众看来他好像就在他们面前一样。(注意其中定语从句的翻译--译成前置的并列句)

　　42.为了打好数学基础，更好地掌握数学，以便进一步学习深造，学数学的人必须要熟悉和牢记数学中所用的记号、符号、定义和术语。(注意其中英语长句的翻译--采用倒译法)

　　43.而且总是有这种可能性--一个小小的电火花可能会意外地绕过精心设计的线路。(注意其中英语名词性从句的翻译--借助破折号引出同位语从句)

　　44.令人吃惊的是，在有关死刑问题的争论中，持赞成和反对意见的那些令人尊敬的法律专家们都说虽然金钱通常会起作用，但是在如何指控辛普森先生和史密斯太太的起诉决定中，金钱却不再是主导因素。(注意其中的定语短语部分和形式主语it的翻译)

　　45.讨论这些事情时，所有科学家都同意，作为一种理想，他们应当负责任地将自己研究领域里新的进展如实地展示给公众，应当在他能了解的限度内尽可能指出这些进展可能会造成的影响。(注意其中主语部分的翻译--将主语中的定语部分译为整个句子的主谓部分)

　　E. The Reading Preference of the USA College Students in 2002

　　It can be easily perceived from the above table that the American university students treat book differently for some are borrowed and read more frequently than some others.

　　Of the four classifications the one most welcomed is the popular fiction, being 65.9 percent of the total, while the second one is the general nonfiction, about 18.2 percent, the third the science/technology/education which is 10.8 percent, and the fourth or the least borrowed is the group of art/literature/poetry, 5.1 percent only.

　　It is hard to determine whether this is good or bad. But as far as I am concerned, the preferences of the USA college students are somewhat unreasonable since they favor merely popular fiction, but neglect too much science, technology and art, etc. Fiction-reading in a large sense is employed mainly for amusement and relaxation, having almost nothing to do with applied science, and above all, prosperity and strengthening of any nation.

　　Unlike the Americans I prefer books of science/technology/education as only by means of advanced science and technology can our citizens become as intelligent and competent as other citizens and our country be as prosperous and powerful as other nations.

　　(文/河北农业大学于新松张现彬王静；英语通大学英语六级考试版03～04学年第2期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)