Unit 13 Healthy eating

　　1.advice, suggestion

　　advice与suggestion是名词，都表示"建议、意见"的意思。两者的最大区别在于advice是不可数名词，表示"一条建议"用a piece of advice,"一些建议"是some advice；而suggestion则是可数名词，表示"一条建议"用a suggestion，"一些建议"是some suggestions, "许多建议"是many suggestions。

　　2.advise, suggest, persuade

　　advise与suggest表示动作，是"向……建议"的意思，两者的区别是：advise后面加somebody (not)to do...,而suggest后面必须加somebody(或者somebody's)doing...，当然两者都可以接宾语从句，注意宾语从句的动词形式必须是(should) (not) do...。如下面三个句子：

　　a.I advise my father to stop smoking.

　　b.I suggest my father( father's) stopping smoking.

　　c.I advise/suggest (that) my father (should) stop smoking.

　　advise与suggest的另一个区别是：可以说suggest something to somebody，而advise一般不能接something作宾语。

　　persuade后面接somebody to do...，它的特别之处是它表示结果，不表示动作，是"成功地劝说，说服"的意思。

　　I advise my father to stop smoking but I can't persuade him to.我劝说我父亲戒烟，但是我没能说服成功。

　　此外advise与persuade之间可以转换，try to persuade=advise, manage to advise=persuade。

　　3.too much, much too

　　too much后面接不可数名词或者不加任何成分，而much too后面接形容词或者副词，试比较下面三个句子：

　　a.There is too much water here.这里有太多的水。

　　b.The trip is too much for the old man.这次旅行对老人来说吃不消。

　　c.The box is much too heavy for me.这盒子对我来说太重了。

　　注意：much too可以用far too, rather too等来代替。如：

　　The box is far/rather too heavy for me.这盒子对我来说太重了。

　　4.choose, choose from

　　choose后面接选择出来的结果，而choose from则接需要选择的范围，注意两者的不同。

　　There are so many books for me to choose from that I don't know which one to choose.这里有这么多的书可以选择，所以我不知道去选择哪一本(书)。

　　5.had better, ought to/should

　　这两组词组的区别主要是在语气上，had better do...是用来提出建议和意见的，语气较委婉，意思是"最好做……";而ought to/should do...是用来指责或批评的，语气较强烈，不礼貌，往往是上级对下级的指令，意思是"应该做……"。

　　My teacher says I ought to be more careful, but first I think I'd better work hard.老师说我应该更加认真些，而我认为我首先应该努力学习。

　　配套练习：

　　1.How many__________have you given to your friend?

　　A.advice B.advices

　　C.piece of advice D.pieces of advice

　　2.Who__________the plan to you yesterday?

　　A.advised B.suggested

　　C.persuaded D.made

　　3.My cousin--Ed__________we play a game,which I gladly accepted.

　　A.suggested B.told

　　C.declared D.persuaded

　　4.The problem is __________ difficult for me to answer.

　　A.too much B.too many

　　C.far too D.too far

　　5.He'd better not say so,__________he?

　　A.hadn't B.had

　　C.shouldn't D.should he

　　Unit 14 Festivals

　　1.celebrate, congratulate

　　celebrate与congratulate都与喜事沾边，但是后面所接宾语不一样，celebrate后面接something，而congratulate后面只能接somebody。如果表达"因为某事而祝贺某人"时我们通常用"congratulate somebody on something"。另外还有一个区别是：celebrate译成"庆祝"，仪式较隆重，而congratulate译成"祝贺",一般只是口头表达一下而已。

　　2.common, similar, same

　　这三个单词很容易搞混，区别的原则是看与它们搭配的介词。common往往与in搭配，而similar习惯上与to连用，而the same必须与as同时出场。试看下面三个句子：

　　a.We don't have much in common.我们没有太多共同之处。

　　b.His book is similar to mine.他的书与我的差不多。

　　c.His book is the same as mine.他的书与我的一样。

　　综上所述，我们不难发现它们的另外一个区别：common(共同)，事物只有一样，而similar(相似)和same(相同)的事物不止一件。

　　3.believe, believe in, trust

　　believe只是"相信(别人所说的话)" believe in则指"信任(别人)",意思相当于trust，区别主要是程度深浅而已。

　　4.compare...with..., compare...to...

　　compare...with...只能表示"把……与……比较"，而compare...to...既可以表示"把……比喻成……"，还可以表示"把……与……比较"。注意作状语时这两个词组往往用过去分词形式，意思表示被动。

　　Compared with (to) his, my English is much worse.与他比较，我的英语要差得多了。

　　5.in other words, in a word

　　in other words是"换句话说，也就是说"的意思，在句子中起到解释作用，相当于that is (to say)，而in a word是"总而言之"之义，在句子中起到概括作用，相当于all in all。不妨看下面两句：

　　a.His performance in the driving test didn't

　　reach the required standard, in other words, he failed.他在考驾照时的表现没有达到规定要求，换句话说，他失败了。

　　b.He is good at his studies and he does well in sports too. In a word, he is a good student.他学习很好，而且也擅长体育，总而言之，他是个好学生。

　　配套练习：

　　6.They__________Tom on his winning the first prize in the contest.

　　A.congratulatedB.celebrated

　　C.honored D.informed

　　7.They look__________to each other, which made it difficult to tell them apart.

　　A.same B.different

　　C.similar D.common

　　8.I__________him but I don't__________him.

　　A.believe; believe

　　B.believe; believe in

　　C.believe in; believe

　　D.believe in; believe in

　　9.__________with the sun, the earth is much smaller.

　　A.Compared B.Comparing

　　C.To compare D.Compare

　　10.He is exhausted, __________, he is very tired.

　　A.in other wordsB.in a word

　　C.in no word D.in some words

　　Unit 15 The necklace

　　1.accept, receive

　　accept表示主观上的接受，而receive只是客观上的收到。

　　I have received his invitation, but I won't accept it.我已经收到了他的邀请，但是我不想接受。

　　此外，accept还有"承认"的意思，be well received表示"很受欢迎"。

　　2.cost, take, be worth, pay, spend

　　这些词可以根据主语的不同分为两大类：

　　a.cost, take和be worth以something作主语。

　　b.pay和spend以somebody作主语。(区别是后面介词不同)

　　cost既可以接时间，也可以接金钱；take一般只能接时间；be worth接金钱或doing。cost与be worth的区别是：cost侧重表示动作，而be worth是指存在的状态，你不一定去买，但它值这个价。cost还有"使……失去……"这种生僻意思。

　　Being late cost him his job.迟到使他失去了工作。

　　3.wear, dress, put on, have...on, try...on

　　这些词或词组都可以接衣服。wear接衣服作宾语，表示状态。此外wear还可以表示"戴",后面接首饰, wear还可以接表情，如wear a smile等。dress后面必须接somebody作宾语，这是它与众不同的地方。put on后面接衣服，表示动作"穿衣服"；have...on中间接衣服，表示状态"穿着衣服"；try...on的意思是"试穿",后面同样接衣服作宾语。

　　4.matter, mind, care

　　matter与mind, care的区别是：matter的主语是something或者it，而mind和care的主语是somebody，mind是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，而care必须与about连用才能接宾语。请看下面句子：

　　a.It doesn't matter whether it will rain or not.下不下雨无关紧要。

　　b.I don't mind being left alone.我不介意被单独留下来。

　　c.I don't care about being left alone.我不介意被单独留下来。

　　5.call on, call at

　　call on与call at都表示"拜访"，两者区别在于后面所接宾语的不同。call on后面接somebody，而call at后面接some place。

　　a. I called on him yesterday.我昨天拜访了他。

　　b.I called at his house yesterday.我昨天拜访了他家。

　　此外，call on/upon还可以表示"号召"，构成词组call on/upon somebody to do something "号召某人做某事"。

　　We are called on to make some personal decisions every day.每天我们被号召去做一些个人决定。

　　配套练习：

　　11.The newly-published book is well

　　in that country.

　　A.received B.accepted

　　C.taken D.put

　　12.The day before yesterday I__________the barber's.

　　A.called on B.called at

　　C.called in D.called up

　　13. The girl came in,__________a rosy smile.

　　A.wearing B.dressing

　　C.worn D. dressed

　　14.The Second World War__________him his life.

　　A. lostB. spentC. paidD. cost

　　15.Does__________matter whether he will turn up at the meeting?

　　A.it B.this C.that D.he

　　参考答案：1-5 DBACB 6-10 ACBAA 11-15 ABADA

　　(文/浙江华维外国语学校朱建焕；英语通高中一年级版03～04学年第2期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)