定语从句常用于书面语中，在近些年来高考中经常会考查，因此掌握定语从句的基本概念、结构与特点对于语言理解具有相当重要的意义。在高考试题中，多考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。总结最近十年来高考单项填空试题中所考查到的定语从句，发现一共有七种类型，本文将此作一具体分析：

　　第一种类型：

　　1. I shall never forget those years_________I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life. (1994年上海第19题)

　　A. that; which B. when; which

　　C. which; that D. when; who

　　2. The weather turned out to be very good, _________was more than we could expect.(1994年第39题)

　　A. what B. whichC. thatD. it

　　3. Carol said the work would be done by October, _________personally I doubt very much. (1999年第19题)

　　A. it B. that C. when D. which

　　4.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____ , of course, made the

　　others unhappy. (2000年第17题)

　　A. who B. which C. thisD. what

　　答案：1-4 BBDB

　　［解析］以上1题中的后一个考查点和其他三个题均是考查关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句的用法。which指代整个主句的内容,它引导的定语从句一般位于主句的后面，它的意思是"这/那件事……"，在这些从句中which作主语或宾语。

　　第二种类型：

　　1. _________is known to all, China will be an _________powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time. (1994年上海第29题)

　　A. That; advancing B. This; advanced

　　C. As; advanced D. It; advancing

　　2._________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing. (1999年上海第4题)

　　A. Which B. AsC. That D. It

　　3._________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001年第34题)

　　A. ItB. As C. That D. What

　　答案：1-3 CBB

　　［解析］以上1题中第一个考查点和其他两题均是考查关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句的用法。as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是"正如……"，在这些从句中as作主语。

　　第三种类型：

　　1. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. (2000年春季第16题)

　　A. thatB. while

　　C. which D. when

　　2. Have you seen the film "Titanic",_________leading actor is world famous? (2001年上海春季第30题)

　　A. itsB. it's C. whoseD. which

　　3. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places,_________other visitors seldom go.(2002年北京第22题)

　　A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when

　　4. The famous basketball star, _________tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.(2002年北京春季第35题)

　　A. whereB. whenC. whichD. who

　　答案：1-4 DCCD

　　[解析]以上四个题仍是考查非限制性定语从句，不同于前面两种类型的是，每个定语从句前都有一个先行词。1题中的先行词是an exciting moment，表示时间，所以选择when作从句中的状语。2题中的先行词是the film "Titanic",它和leading actors是所属关系，所以选择whose作从句中的定语。3题中的先行词是some other places,表示地点，所以选择where作从句中的状语。4题中的先行词是the famous basketball star,表示人，所以选择who作从句的主语。

　　第四种类型：

　　1. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _________many people have got home. (1995年上海第25题)

　　A. whose time B. that

　　C. on which D. by which time

　　2. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _________ was very reasonable. (2000年上海第28题)

　　A. which price B. the price of which

　　C. its priceD. the price of whose

　　答案：1-2 DB

　　［解析］上面两题还是考查非限制性定语从句。具体用法是"介词＋关系代词"。1题中的介词by表示"到那时为止"。2题中的介词of表示所属关系，"the price of which"在此句中的意思是"那只花瓶的价格"。

　　第五种类型：

　　1. I shall never forget those years _________I lived in the country with the farmers,________has a great effect on my life.(1994年上海第19题)

　　A. that; which B. when; which

　　C. which; that D. when; who

　　2. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town_________he grew up as a child.(1996年第16题)

　　A. which B. where C. that D. when

　　3. The film brought the hours back to me

　　_________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (2001年第22题)

　　A. untilB. thatC. when D. where

　　4. He's got himself into a dangerous situation _________he is likely to lose control over the plane. (2001年上海第37题)

　　A. where B. which

　　C. while D. why

　　答案：1-4 BBCA

　　［解析］以上1题中的第一个考查点和其他三个题均考查限制性定语从句。1题和3题中先行词分别是those years和the hours,表示时间，所以选择when作从句的状语。

　　2题和4题中的先行词分别是the small town和a dangerous situation,都表示地点，所以选择where作从句的状语。3题的特别之处是定语从句并不紧跟在其先行词的后面，属于一个分隔式定语从句。

　　第六种类型：

　　1. I don't like_________you speak to her.(1996年上海第28题)

　　A. the way B. the way in that

　　C. the way whichD. the way of which

　　2. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those_________in the forest. (1997年上海第23题)

　　A. once they grewB. they grew once

　　C. they once grewD. once grew

　　3. -Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

　　　-Yes. I gave it to her_________I saw her. (2001年北京春季第14题)

　　A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once

　　4. Is this the reason_________at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002年上海春季第35题)

　　A. he explained

　　B. what he explained

　　C. how he explained

　　D. why he explained

　　答案：1-4 ACBA

　　［解析］以上四题均是考查省略了关系词的限制性定语从句。1题考查的是the way后接定语从句的用法，具体用法有三种：(1)用in which引导；(2)用that引导；(3)省略关系词。此题属于第三种用法。2题中的先行词是those，they once grew前省略了作宾语的关系代词that，在此从句中grew是一个及物动词，作谓语，意思是"种植/栽种"，once是修饰谓语的副词，要置于动词前。3题考查的是the moment后接that引导的定语从句的用法，that经常被省略，整个结构the moment (that)...用作时间状语，意思是"一……就……"。4题中的先行词是the reason，he explained前省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which,值得注意的是，本句因为句意所定,不可以用the reason why...("因为……的原因")。

　　第七种类型：

　　1. He is the only one of the students who_________a winner of scholarship for three years. (2002年上海春季第26题)

　　A. is B. are

　　C. have been D. has been

　　2. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_________I will always treasure. (2002年第35题)

　　A. that B. one C. it D. what

　　答案1-2 DB

　　[解析]以上两题考查的是定语从句和其他知识点的综合用法。1题形式上好像只是考查主谓一致和时态的运用，实际上关键是确定先行词。单词one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式，one of the students中的先行词是the students，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式；此处the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。句子中因为有状语for three years，所以答案综合判断后只能是D。2题中one是an unforgettable moment的同位语，同时也是先行词，其后就是一个定语从句，I always treasure前省略了作宾语的关系代词that，treasure在这里是及物动词，意思是"铭记,珍藏"。

　　(文/山东高青县一中吕秀丽；英语通高中一年级版03～04学年第1期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)