1.英译汉专项练习：

　　Passage 1

　　Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere: i.e. to a bigger wage pocket. The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit (招收) students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and "fringe benefits" are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the "brain drain",the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder (出价者). The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbours of their most able citizens,while mammon (财富) is worshipped as never before,the rich get richer and the poor,poorer.

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　　Passage 2

　　Drive-by hacking (过路黑客) is the trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks from outside the buildings that house them. As more organizations turn to wireless networks-more convenient and sometimes cheaper than conventional wired networks-to share computer data among employees, they are putting themselves at a greater risk of sharing it with outsiders too.

　　2.______________________________________________________________________________

　　Passage 3

　　If an economist were asked which of the three groups borrows most-people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes-he would probably answer, those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947-1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with stable incomes were next and people with declining incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumption about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they hasten to buy and that if they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying.

　　3.______________________________________________________________________________

　　Passage 4

　　Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body's way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don't understand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things; or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much; or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives; or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of probing into the cause, we become pushovers (易受骗的人) for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority.

　　4.______________________________________________________________________________

　　2.英译汉专项练习解析：

　　Passage 1

　　【结构】1)本句是一个并列句，用逗号连接；2)前一分句是主-谓-宾句型；3)后一分句是一个主从复合句，连词while引出一个时间状语从句，主句是由and连接的两个并列的主-系-表句型。

　　【语义】1) deprive sb. of sth.意思是"剥夺某人某物"；2) while是连词，意思是"当……时候"；3) worship意为"崇拜"。

　　【译法】顺译法：按照先后顺序直接译出；将is worshipped这一被动结构译成主动结构；增词法：根据需要在将被动句译作主动句时添加泛指的主语"人们"；根据上下文，译第一个分句时增加"如此这般地"方式状语。

　　【译文】富国如此这般地夺走其周边贫国的最富有才干的公民，在人们史无前例地崇拜财富的今天，富则更富，穷则更穷。

　　Passage 2

　　【结构】1) as引导的是时间状语从句；2)more ... wired networks是wireless networks的后置定语；3)to share ... employees为从句的目的状语；4)they are putting ... too是主句。

　　【语义】1) turn to"转向，求助于"；2)put sb. at a risk of ..."使……处于……危险中"。

　　【译法】1)成分转句：由于定语more...wired networks具有强烈的说明性，可翻译成一个单句；2)增加词语：作定语的形容词短语所表达的语义与句子的其他部分所表达的语义之间有一定的转折关系，故译文中增加转折词"然而"；3)调整语序：将富有说明性的定语译成的句子前置，后接时间从句和主句。

　　【译文】无线网络比传统的有线网络方便省钱，然而，随着越来越多的机构采用无线网络，让员工共享电脑资料，无意中也加大了与外来者分享资料的危险。

　　Passage 3

　　【结构】1)本句是主-系-表句型；2)表语部分是由and连接的两个并列的主从复合句组成。

　　【语义】1)assumption"假定，设想"；2)go up"上升"；go down"下降"；3)postpone"推迟，使延期"。

　　【译法】1)引申词义：assumption此处引申为"想法"；2)借助标点：由于句子的表语部分太长，如果依照原句逐字翻译，句子就会显得很笨拙，本句翻译时借助了"："和"；"，这就使句子层次显得很清晰。

　　【译文】另一种传统的想法是：如果有钱人估计物价会上涨，他们就赶快购买；如果他们估计物价会下跌，他们就暂缓购买。

　　Passage 4

　　【结构】1)本句基本结构是主-谓-宾句型；2)第一个that引导learn的宾语从句，该从句直至句末；3)后两个that引导的是动名词informing的宾语从句。

　　【语义】1) fail to意思是"未能……"；2) inform ... that意思是"通知……，告知……"；3) not necessarily意思是"未必"。

　　【译法】1)转译句型：fail to learn的宾语从句是主-系-表句型，翻译时根据需要转译成主-谓-宾句型。

　　【译文】我们没有意识到，身体只是用疼痛这种方式告知大脑，是我们的行为有所不当，而未必是健康有问题。

　　(文/赵庭弟;英语通大学英语四级考试版2004年第1期;版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)