高考英语听力测试既考查考生听的能力,又考查考生阅读理解、逻辑判断和心理承受能力.不少考生由于没能掌握听力考试所需的各种能力,出现了种种解题错误.本文拟谈高考英语听力测试出错类型及应对方法.

　　一、非水平因素导致第一题出错

　　众所周知,高考英语听力测试是高考所考科目中最需良好心理素质的考查项目,因为具有即时性和不可重复性,录音播放结束后无法再现答题所需信息,考生往往产生焦虑、畏惧心理,以致听力考试时尤其是起始阶段心情难以平静,注意力难以集中,导致听第一题时或大脑一片空白,什么内容也听不进去;或只听到只言片语造成解题困难.显然,参加听力考试前,考生应调整好心态,自信放松,使自己全身心进入角色.还有一部分考生则过于自信,认为听力测试无需做多少准备,正式开考时来得及读题、听题和答题,于是英语试卷发下后,只顾浏览全卷甚至抢时间进行其它内容的读题、答题工作,待听力考试开始时才仓促读题,因准备不充分没有以期待心理迎接听力考试而导致第一题出错.显然,利用听力试音时间认真读题并适应语音、语调是做好听力题尤其第一题的关键.第一题听成功的愉快心理有助于听下面试题,而第一题失败后的沮丧心情很可能会对下面的试题有所影响.

　　题例(NMET2002·1):

　　录音原文:

　　W: I like to read Chris Paine.

　　M: So do I. I hear he writes on his computer. And his new book will come out next week.

　　W: Great! I've got to get one as soon as it's out.

　　听力试题:

　　Who is Chris Paine?

　　A. A computer engineer. B. A book seller. C. A writer.

　　析:无论是因为心情过于紧张,注意力难以集中,还是因为抢时间答题未以期待性心理迎接听力考试,都有可能造成听录音时大脑一片空白,或只听到computer, book等只言片语,导致误选A或B.其实只要听到he writes on...或his new book...等简短句式,不难发现正确答案应为C.

　　二、先入为主、一锤定音导致出错

　　当先听到的信息在试题选项中出现时,不少考生立即下结论加以选择,造成答题错误,因为下文的信息很可能会推翻你的结论.

　　题例:

　　录音原文:

　　M: Would you mind turning down the TV a bit? I'm answering the phone.

　　W: Not at all.

　　听力试题:

　　What's the man doing?

　　A. Watching TV.

　　B. Turning down the TV.

　　C. Answering the phone.

　　析:考生很可能会立即选B,而不愿再认真听后面的内容,其实后面的内容为:I'm answering the phone ,所以答案应为C.

　　显然,当先听到的信息在试题选项中出现时,不要立即下结论,应冷静地继续细听原文信息,在综合考虑的基础上确定答案.

　　三、被无用信息误导忽略关键词句导致出错

　　特定的词句往往代表特定的语境,因此抓住关键词句有助于我们正确解答听力题.高考英语听力测试约有一半试题可通过抓关键词句而加以解答.

　　题例(NMET2003·17~18):

　　录音原文:

　　Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I want to take a little of your time to let you know about short training program the company is now planning. The program is called Learning From Adventure, and it is designed to develop leadership skills. There will be lectures on public relations and management as well as outdoor activities, such as climbing mountains, long distance running and camping. You don't need any past experience. There will be no end-of-program test. However, the company will receive a full report on your performance. You are sure to improve your ability to help others to realize their goals and to deal with difficult tasks on the difficult conditions. The twelve-day program will be in July. If you like, you can use part of your twenty-day paid holidays. There's no charge for this program. If you are interested, please write your name on this piece of paper after the meeting. Thank you.

　　听力试题:

　　17. What is the aim of the program?

　　A. To keep trainees in shape.

　　B. To improve public relations.

　　C. To develop leadership skills.

　　析:不少考生可能会误选B,因为他们容易受"There will be lectures on public relations and management as well as outdoor activities, such as climbing mountains, long distance running and camping."信息和"You are sure to improve your ability to help others to realize their goals and to deal with difficult tasks on the difficult conditions."信息的影响将该段落的目的归纳为改善人们的公共关系,其实上述信息属起误导作用的无用信息,录音原文中关键句"...and it is designed to develop leadership skills."明确表明本题答案应为C.

　　18. Which of the following will the trainees be doing during the program?

　　A. Attending lectures on management.

　　B. Preparing reports for the company.

　　C. Making plans for a journey.

　　析:不少考生可能会误选B,因为他们容易受"However, the company will receive a full report on your performance."信息的误导,其实这是无用信息,录音原文中关键句"There will be lectures on public relations and management..."明确表明本题答案应为A.

　　显然,听录音原文时,考生应有强烈的利用关键词句解题的意识,学会从众多交待性信息中挑选答题所需的有用信息.

　　四、只重片断信息不重逻辑推理导致出错

　　高考英语听力题中大多数试题都可直接从听力材料中获取信息作为答案,但也有不少试题不能直接从听力材料中得到答案,需对听到的信息进行逻辑推理,从而准确作答.然而不少考生对这一点缺乏必要的理解,他们只重视听力材料中片断信息的字面含义,而不注重对语境进行逻辑推理,造成理解上的偏差.

　　题例1:

　　录音原文:

　　M: I met Sam on the street yesterday.

　　W: Really? Did he say anything about his sister?

　　M: Yes, she ought to be leaving New York very soon because her husband has taken on a job in Los Angeles.

　　听力试题:

　　What news did the woman get from the man?

　　A. Sam will leave New York very soon.

　　B. Sam's sister will leave for Los Angeles very soon.

　　C. Sam's sister will leave for New York very soon.

　　析:考生很可能不假思索地选A,因为他们听到了"she ought to be leaving New York very soon",其实这只是片断信息的字面意思,结合下文"because her husband has taken on a job in Los Angeles"我们可以推断,萨姆的姐姐之所以要离开纽约,是因为她的丈夫在洛杉矶找到了一份工作,显然姐姐前往洛杉矶是投奔她丈夫,所以答案应为B.

　　另外,备选答案A的主语也错了,不是萨姆而是他姐姐要离开纽约.备选答案C的意思是萨姆的姐姐很快将出发去纽约,显然与文章事实不符.

　　因此,做听力题时,不能只注重片面信息的字面含义,应结合试题和听力内容进行合乎逻辑的推理判断,从而最终正确解题.

　　(文/郝昌明《英语通》高二版2004年第2期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)