在高二上册的英语学习中,过去分词的学习是一个重要的语法内容.作为非谓语动词,它成了高考年年必考的"重头戏".过去分词在句子中常常可以作:状语、定语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语.下面分类解析一下高考在这几个方面的考查.

　　一、过去分词作状语时的考查

　　过去分词作状语时,通常可相当于时间、原因、条件等状语从句.此时要注意两个前提:一是过去分词逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致;二是过去分词表示的动作是相对稳定的或是有规律性的,且具有被动含义.例如:

　　1.The research is so designed that once_______nothing can be done to change it.(NMET2002)

　　A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun

　　思路分析:本题考查的是过去分词作条件状语从句时的用法.在这儿once begun可换成once it is begun,故最佳答案是D项.

　　2.When_______,the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002上海春招)

　　A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed

　　思路分析:该题考查过去分词充当时间状语的用法.同样把when completed还原成when it is completed便可知最佳答案为A.

　　3._______in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.(NMET1996)

　　A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose

　　思路分析:此题是对过去分词作伴随状语的考查,也可理解为原因状语."陷入沉思"为"be lost in thought".A、B、D项与主语是主动关系,故排除.答案应为C项.

　　4.The murderer was brought in,with his hands_______behind his back.(MET1991)

　　A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied

　　思路分析:此题应是with sth.done这一短语结构作伴随状语的用法.在with结构中,hands与tie之间的关系是被动关系,故排除B项.tied不仅仅表示被动,还表示完成动作,故排除A、C项,答案为D项.

　　二、过去分词作定语时的考查

　　过去分词作定语时,通常可替换某些定语从句.此时要注意两点:首先,在被替换的定语从句中,主语必须是作从句主语的关系代词;其次,定语从句中的谓语动词通常使用表示已经完成的时态或被动语态.例如:

　　5.Prices of daily goods_______through a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002北京春招)

　　A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying

　　思路分析:此题考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法.我们可以把bought through还原成一个定语从句:Prices of daily goods that are bought through a computer...可知最佳答案为B项.

　　6.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_______the next year.

　　(NMET2000)

　　A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out

　　思路分析:此题考查see sb./sth. done句型.因the plan与carry out逻辑上是被动关系,故答案为C,其中that引导了一个定语从句.

　　7.The Olympic Games,_______in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET1992)

　　A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing

　　思路分析:the Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系,故排除A、D项.B项是不定式的被动式,表示"未来",也可排除,因此,C项是对的.它相当于一个非限制性定语从句which were first played.

　　8.The first text books_______for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET1994)

　　A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written

　　思路分析:A项不能作后置定语,B项表示未来的动作,C项表示正在进行的动作.text books与write之间是被动关系,而且原题中的the first text books与came out in the 16th century也可暗示考生选written,表被动且完成的意思,故答案为D项.

　　三、过去分词作表语时的考查

　　过去分词在句中作表语时,具有被动且完成的意思.例如:

　　9.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains_______

　　whether they will enjoy it.(NMET2002)

　　A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen

　　思路分析:该题考查不定式的被动语态(即to be+过去分词)作表语的用法.remain为系动词,后面缺少表语,根据句子意思,动作没有发生,应选用不定式,故排除C、D项,而it与see之间的关系为被动.故答案为B项.

　　10.-I'm very_______with my own cooking.It looks nice and smells delicious.(2002春招)

　　-Mm,it does have_______smell.

　　A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant

　　思路分析:当过去分词作表语或定语时,常常修饰人,表示某人处于某一种精神状态.故最佳答案为D项.

　　11.Cleaning women in big cities usually get_______by the hour.(NMET1998)

　　A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay

　　思路分析:该题考查系表结构,四个选项均为系动词pay的不同形式,由句末介词短语by the hour所表示得到工资的方式可判断出答案为C.get与过去分词连用,与被动结构相似,一般看作系表结构,表示进入或变为某种状态,但有时这种结构有被动的含义,即形式为被动,实际为主动.

　　四、过去分词作宾语或宾语补足语时的考查

　　过去分词作宾语和宾语补足语时,高考考查的不多,但掌握其用法同等重要.例如:

　　12.Little Jim should love_______to the theatre this evening.(NMET1992)

　　A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking

　　思路分析:should love to=would like to,且Jim与take之间是被动关系,故应选用"take"的不定式的被动形式,即to be taken,答案应为A.

　　13.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself_______.(MET1991)

　　A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard

　　思路分析:make oneself done是惯用法.此时done作oneself的宾语补足语,本题的意思是"使自己的声音被听到",故答案为D.

　　(文/王军《英语通》高二版2004年第1期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)