说起主谓一致，要说的东西可真不少，看看以下归纳的难点，是不是你所想迫切解决的问题--

　　一、名词及代词作主语

　　1.单数名词、不可数名词及单数代词作主语，谓语用单数；复数名词及复数代词作主语，谓语用复数。例如：

　　Tom is swimming in the river.

　　A lot of books have been bought by them.

　　2.people，police及cattle等集合名词作主语，谓语用复数。audience, family, group, team, army, public等集合名词作主语要依照具体情况来定：若表示整体情况，谓语用单数；若指其中成员的具体情况，谓语用复数。例如：

　　The police here carry weapons.

　　Our baseball team is the strongest in the league.

　　Our baseball team are having breakfast.

　　3.表示某段时间、某一重量、长度、距离、价值等名词的复数形式作主语，谓语大多用单数形式。例如：

　　Two days is enough.

　　Ten dollars is a high price.

　　4.由every-,some-,any-及no-等构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：

　　Somebody has left his umbrella.

　　Everybody in this town is very kind.

　　5.goods,clothes,glasses,shoes及trousers等以复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓语用复数；而news,politics,maths,physics,plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：

　　The goods belong to Mr Wang.

　　No news is good news.

　　6. "分数，百分数，the rest, some, most,half等＋名词或代词"构成的短语作主语,谓语动词的数往往与of后面名词的数或所指的意义保持一致"。例如：

　　Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys.

　　Twenty percent of the class is (are) absent because of illness.

　　7."a number of＋复数名词"构成的主语，谓语用复数;"the number of＋复数名词"构成的主语，谓语用单数。例如：

　　The number of traffic accidents has increased.

　　A number of children like this song.

　　8.国名、书名、剧名、报名、山名、水名等专有名词作主语，谓语用单数；某些带有集体意义的专有名词如俱乐部、航空公司、企业、山脉、群岛、瀑布等作主语，动词用复数。例如：

　　Niagara Falls is not as high as Victoria Falls.

　　The B.B.C. have just finished today?謘s broadcast programme.

　　9."表示数量单位的复数名词＋of＋不可数名词"作主语，动词用复数。例如：

　　Two tons of milk are not enough for us.

　　Five cases of meat have been sent to them.

　　10."表示复数的短语＋单数名词"作主语，谓语用单数。例如：

　　More than one student has read the book.

　　Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.

　　11.在"such＋be＋名词"这一结构中，be的数往往与其后面名词的数保持一致。例如：

　　Such is the fact.

　　Such are his words.

　　二、动名词及不定式作主语

　　1.单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。例如：

　　Making speeches is not her strong point.

　　Growing flowers needs constant watering.

　　2.由and连接的两个(或多个)动名词或不定式作主语，如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同或相似，谓语用单数；如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。例如：

　　Lying and stealing are not right.

　　To love and to be loved is sweet to me.

　　Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem.

　　Reading Ibsen and solving maths problems are different assignments.

　　三、"the＋某些形容词或分词"作主语

　　dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick,

　　wounded，poor及dead等形容词或分词与定冠词搭配，功能相当于复数名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语用复数。例如：

　　The old in China are living a happy life.

　　The wounded have been saved.

　　四、there be结构的主谓一致

　　在"there be＋名词"这一结构中，be的数与后面的(第一个)名词(即主语)的数保持一致。例如：

　　There is a bike, two tables and three chairs in the house.

　　There are three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.

　　五、名词性从句作主语

　　1.由that, where, when, whether, how等词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单数形式。例如：

　　How they can finish their work is still unknown.

　　Where we will go has not been decided.

　　2.由what引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数(表语是复数时也可用复数)；如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构，主句的谓语用复数。例如：

　　What they are after is money.

　　What we want are／is promises.

　　What he says and (what he) does do not agree.

　　六、"one及不定代词＋of＋复数名词或人称代词"作主语

　　1."one (neither/either) of＋复数名词"作主语，谓语常用单数。例如：

　　One of them has been abroad.

　　Neither of the two boys is good at English.

　　2."each＋of＋复数名词"作主语，谓语动词用单数比用复数好；"both of＋复数名词"作主语，谓语用复数。例如：

　　Each of the girls like(s) dancing.

　　Both of them have given up smoking.

　　3.none及"none of..."结构作主语，none指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些；着重个别，则用单数较好。例如：

　　None of the money is yours.

　　None of us have／has ever been abroad.

　　七、由or连接的并列结构作主语

　　1.由or连接的并列结构作主语，谓语动词的形式按就近原则处理。例如：

　　She or I have to bring it.

　　I or she has to bring it.

　　2."a＋单数名词＋or two"作主语，谓语动词一般用单数，也可用复数；"one or two＋复数名词"作主语，谓语用复数。例如：

　　A boy or two know(s) it.

　　One or two boys know it.

　　八、由and连接的并列结构作主语

　　1.由and并列的单数名词被every，each或no修饰，谓语用单数。例如:

　　Each boy and each girl carries a big bag.

　　2.由and并列的单数名词前都有the，表示主语是两个或多个不同的人或物，谓语用复数；若只有第一名词有the，后面的没有，表示主语是同一人或事物，谓语用单数。例如：

　　The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。

　　The poet and the writer have come.那位诗人和那位作家来了。

　　但如果and连接的两个名词虽指两个人，但表示同一概念，谓语仍用单数。例如：

　　John and Alice at the same bridge table is unthinkable.约翰和爱丽斯在同一张桥牌桌上玩真是不可思议。

　　3.the husband and wife，father and mother,mother and daughter这类已成短语的名词作主语，谓语往往用单数。例如：

　　Father and mother is husband and wife; husband and wife is one flesh.父母是夫妻；夫妻是一体。

　　九、其他并列结构作主语

　　由neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also连接的两个主语，谓语动词的数通常按就近原则，即与后面的主语保持一致；如果是疑问式则以前面的主语为准。例如：

　　Either you or I am wrong.

　　Either I or you are wrong.

　　Am either I or you wrong?

　　十、"主语＋附属结构"作主语

　　主语+ with,along with, together with,like,unlike,besides,but,except,including,as well as,as much as,rather than,more than,no less than,and not等构成的结构作主语，谓语动词的数通常与前面的主语保持一致。例如：

　　Tom, as much as you, was responsible for the loss. He more than you is anxious to go there.

　　十一、强调句及倒装句的主谓一致

　　1.如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that (或who)后面谓语的数与被强调的成分保持一致。例如：

　　①I am a doctor.→It is I who am a doctor.

　　He is a doctor.→It is he who is a doctor.

　　②I have read the book.→It is I who have read the book.

　　He has read the book.→It is he who has read the book.

　　2.倒装句谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。试比较：

　　①A building stands in front of us.

　　→In front of us stands a building.

　　②Two buildings stand in front of us.

　　→In front of us stand two buildings.

　　③Rows of fruit trees were on either side.

　　→On either side were rows of fruit trees.

　　十二、定语从句的主谓一致

　　1.引导词who, that或which在定语从句中作主语，定语从句谓语动词的数与定语从句所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。例如：

　　The cake which is on the table is yours.

　　The cakes which are on the table are yours.

　　如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　They are hollow, which makes them very light.

　　He married Mary, which was very natural.

　　2."one of＋复数名词＋定语从句"结构

　　如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的"复数名词"是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有the only, the first, the last, the right等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。试比较：

　　John is the only one of the students who has the keys.那些学生中只有约翰有钥匙。

　　John is one of the students who have the keys.约翰是那些有钥匙的学生中的一员。

　　(文/刘石才；英语通高中一年级版03～04学年第3期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)