英语辅导报大学教师版:插入语种种 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/28 13:00 英语辅导报 |
所谓插入语就是在语法结构上已完整的句子里插进去的词、短语或句子。插入语的特征是:把它拿掉之后,句子的语法结构和语义仍是完整的,只是缺少了一些表达上的精确性。例如: ①Generally speaking, newspapers follow the American way.一般说来,报纸采用美国英语的拼法。 ②In a word, hunger is a big problem in the world today.总之,饥饿是当今世界的一个大问题。 上述句中的generally speaking和in a word都是插入语,如果分别去掉,句子无论在句法上或含义上都成立。 从插入语本身的结构看,用作插入语的主要有:副词(A),形容词(B),介词短语(C),动词不定式(D),分词短语(E),分句(F)。例如: (A)①Unfortunately, I missed the last bus.很不幸,我没有赶上最后一班公共汽车。 ②Personally, I'd rather go to the Summer Palace.就我个人来说,我想去颐和园。 (B)①If he ran towards the tiger, it might attack him, worse still, it could even carry off the baby in its mouth.如果他朝老虎冲过去,老虎也许会咬他,更糟的是,老虎可以把婴儿叼走。 ②He passed his exams, and even better, when he left university he had earned enough money to start his own business.他通过了考试,而比这更好的是,当他毕业时,他已经赚了一笔钱,足够开始经营自己的生意。 (C)①To my great joy, the plant did look exactly like what we were looking for.令我极为高兴的是,这种植物和我们所要找的植物完全一样。 ②In other words I should not watch TV, or look over your shoulder at other people while we are talking.换句话说,当我们一起谈话时,我不应当看电视,也不应当越过你的肩膀瞅别人。 (D)①To be quite frank I don't agree to your plan.坦白地说,我不赞同你的计划。 ②To conclude, it was a great success.总之,这是个很大的成功。 (E)Judging from what he said to me today, his mind's made up.根据他今天同我说的话来判断,他已经下了决心。 (F)①You came by bus, I suppose.我想,你是坐汽车来的。 ②Imagine that you have found a good novel, and, what is even important, the time to enjoy it.设想一下,你找到一本好的小说,而且更重要的是,你有时间来阅读它。 注意对句子的定语从句,插入语,混合疑问句的判别,请看下列句子: ①Edison decided then only to make machines which he knew were commercially viable.此后,爱迪生便决定只制造那些他确知能用到商业上的机器。 ②She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.她是我所认识的唯一会弹吉他的女孩。 ③What do you think I should do then?那你认为我应当怎么做呢? 分析说明:句①中的he knew在关系代词which之后,应为插入语;句②中的I know和who引导的从句都是the only girl的定语从句(双重定语从句),其中的I know是在另一个引导定语从句的关系代词who的前面;句③有的语法学家认为do you think为插入语,有的语法学家将其视为混合疑问句。但是,仔细分析起来,它并不符合插入语的定义,因为去掉它之后,句子就不完整了。又如: What do you think should be done to people who are caught stealing?发现有人正在偷东西的时候,你认为应当如何处置? When do you suppose they'll be back.你认为他们将什么时候回来? 如果把它们改写为下面的说法,那就可以看作插入语(插入疑问句)了。 What should I do then, do you think? When will they be back, do you suppose? (文/丁元明张春廷;英语辅导报初中教师版03~04学年第33期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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