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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 英语辅导报初三版:“主谓一致”现象例析

英语辅导报初三版:“主谓一致”现象例析
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/05/06 08:59  英语辅导报

  同学们在"主谓一致"问题上经常会犯判断失误的错误,现将有关"主谓一致"现象的难点归纳如下:

  一、主语为单数集体名词,谓语动词用复数的情况

  [例1]警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。

  [误] The police is searching the city for a thief.

  [正] The police are searching the city for a thief.

  [析] police,people,cattle(牛)等词虽然形式上是单数,但意义上却为复数,谓语动词需用复数形式。

  [例2]在我国老人受到很好的照顾。

  [误] The old is taken good care of in our country.

  [正] The old are taken good care of in our country.

  [析]某些形容词前加上定冠词the,如the old,the young,the dead,the rich,the sick等,用以表示一类人时,其意义为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。

  二、主语为复数形式,谓语动词用单数的情况

  [例1]《纽约时报》是流行于美国各地的报纸。

  [误] The New York Times are read all over the United States.

  [正] The New York Times is read all over the United States.

  [析]当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,通常把它们作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。

  [例2]这条裤子是他哥哥的。

  [误] This pair of trousers are his brother's.

  [正] This pair of trousers is his brother's.

  [析]一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词,如trousers,glasses,shoes等,作主语时,若前面有"一条"、"一副"、"一把"之类的单位名词,则谓语动词用单数,不带单位名词,则谓语动词用复数形式。

  三、主语为单数形式,谓语动词有时用单数,有时用复数的情况

  [例1]他家里人正等着他。

  [误] His family is waiting for him.

  [正] His family are waiting for him.

  [析]有些集体名词,如family,class,group,team,nation,couple等,作主语时,若作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如果就其中一个个成员考虑,谓语动词则用复数形式。

  [例2]我们需要许多食物。

  [误] Lots of food are needed by us.

  [正] Lots of food is needed by us.

  [析] "a lot of / lots of / plenty of+名词"作主语时,谓语动词的数依据名词的数而定。

  四、并列主语与谓语动词数的一致的情况

  [例1]那位教师兼作家来参加会议了。

  [误] The teacher and writer have come to the meeting.

  [正] The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.

  [析]由and连接的两个(或两个以上)单数主语,指同一人,同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  [例2]每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。

  [误] Every boy and every girl have the right to education.

  [正] Every boy and every girl has the right to education.

  [析]由and连接两个单数主语,若前面有every,each等限定时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  [例3]那时,教授带着许多学生正在实验室做实验。

  [误] The professor with a number of students were doing experiments in the lab at that time.

  [正] The professor with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time.

  [析]主语后跟有as well as,no less than,rather than, but,besides,except,like,with,along with,together with等介词(短语)时,谓语动词的数要与介词(短语)前面的主语的数相一致。

  五、几种特殊结构的主谓语一致

  [例1]和这些孩子们交谈是一件愉快的事。

  [误] To tallk with the children are a great pleasure.

  [正] To talk with the children is a great pleasure.

  [析]该句是不定式作主语,表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。

  [例2]一切都准备好了,是吗?

  [误] Everything are ready,aren't they?

  [正] Everything is ready,isn't it?

  [析] everything,something,nothing等作主语时,陈述句部分谓语动词用单数形式,附加疑问句中谓语动词和相应代词都只可用单数形式。不定代词everybody,someone, anyone,nobody等作主语时,陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是,在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。

  (文/辛存芳;英语辅导报初三版03--04学年度第37期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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