听力讲座---描述(特性、形状、规格、功能等) |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/05/07 08:28 英语辅导报 |
日常对话中,经常要进行各种各样的描述(description)。比如,事件的叙述、状况的形容、物体的描写等。本文将重点讨论第三种情况,即关于某具体物体特性(quality)的描述。根据《大学英语教学大纲》,特性涉及到的内容一般包括形状(shape)、颜色(colour)、材料(material)、规格(size)、功能(function)与应用(application)等方面。在听力测试的简短对话问答或说明性短文中,描述物体特性的考题经常出现。如: 1.W:In the shop, I thought this dress was green but out here in the sunlight I see it's really blue. M:Yes, the bright yellow display lights in the shop make things look a little different, don't they? Q:What colour is the dress? A) The display lights are really blue. B) The dress is blue. C) The dress is green. D) The dress is bright yellow. 本题显然是在讨论颜色。对话中出现了绿、蓝两种颜色以及黄色的灯光,好像比较复杂,但实际上并不难。解这道题的关键在于将对话中重点的词语串起来,即弄清楚:"...I thought...green but...really blue."就足够了。所以,答案为B。 解决颜色类问题,首先得熟悉常见的表示颜色的词,如:red(红色的)、yellow (黄色的)、black(黑色的)、blue(蓝色的)、green(绿色的)、white(白色的)、brown(棕色的)、pink(粉色的)、purple/violet(紫色的)、orange(橙黄色的)、grey(灰色的)等。此外,还有像golden(金色的)、silver(银色的)等类型的形容词。还要注意其他相关表达法,如:warm colour(暖色)、cool colour(冷色)等。表示颜色深浅时,用dark和light,如:a dark dress(一件深色的衣服);还可以在颜色词前直接加dark或light,表示"深/浅……色的",如:dark-brown eyes(深棕色的眼睛),a light-blue blouse(一件淡蓝色的衬衫)。 就物体的形状进行提问的情况在听力测试中并不多见,但在谈话及说明性短文里却经常提到像circle(圆形)、semicircle(半圆形)、ellipse(椭圆形)、square(正方形)、rectangle(长方形)、triangle(三角形)等词语。常常也有这种情况,在表示特殊形状的词后加上shaped构成表示该形状的复合词,如:a star-shaped card(星形的卡片)、an egg-shaped swimming pool(卵形的游泳池)等,这种表达法很直观,也很形象。 对物体外观进行描述时,不仅要讨论其颜色、形状,还要涉及到其规格,包括大小、高低等。如:What's in that big bag over there?(那边的大书包里有什么?);She wore a long dress, reaching down to her feet.(她穿了一件齐脚面的长裙。);She had her hair cut short.(她把头发剪短了。)等等。此外,"新旧"也应属于物体的外观范畴。如:I'm amazed that Mary is using a very old tape recorder.(玛丽还在用一台很旧的录音机,这让我感到非常吃惊。)。 有关材料或物体功能的话题涉及范围很广,但只要注意抓住关键词,这类问题处理起来并不难。如: 2. M:This plastic is almost unbreakable. W:You are right... 3. W:Is there anything else you want to buy while we are downtown? M:Let's stop at the camera shop to get some colour films. 4. M:Could I please borrow a pen from you? Mine has just run out of ink. W:I'm afraid I don't have an extra one. Would a pencil do? 5. W:It's so bad that we haven't enough beds for the guests. M: Don't worry. The sofa can also serve as a bed and... 以上各例的划分也并不是绝对的,因为它们都属于描述物体的各个方面,所以在日常对话中,通常是几种情况同时出现,以达到限定物体的目的。如: 6.M:My briefcase is just like yours, isn't it? W:Almost. Mine is smaller and it doesn't have a lock. I think I'd rather have one like yours. Q:Why does the woman want a briefcase like the man's? A) Because the man's briefcase has a lock. B) Because they are alike. C) Because the man's briefcase is smaller. D) Because she doesn't have one. 对话中,女方对两个公文包(briefcase)进行了比较:从规格上看,女方觉得自己的包比较小;从功能方面看,她的包没有锁,有把锁当然要好很多,所以,她也想要一个有锁的公文包,答案为A。 掌握一些有关描述方面的表达法是非常必要的,因为生活中离不开对物体进行必要的描述。掌握了这方面知识不仅对听力理解有帮助,而且能提高口头表达能力,使自己的语言更丰富。 (文/李海云;英语辅导报大学二年级版03~04学年第31期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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