强调句型是高中语法教学的一项重要内容,也是教学中的一个难点。尤其是其易与名词性从句、定语从句相混淆,就更增加了难度。现结合近年来高考、NEPCS(全国中学生英语能力竞赛)等剖析一下强调句型的考查热点,以期有助于同学们克服这一难点。

　　一、考查对强调句型结构的识别

　　强调句型的基本结构形式为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom +句子的其余部分。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等),用It is...that...。例如:

　　1. It is the ability to do the job________matters not where you come from or what you are.

　　A. oneB. that

　　C. what D. it

　　如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等),则用It was...that...。例如:

　　2. It was between 1989 and 1999　 　great changes took place in our hometown.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. because

　　有时,be前可使用表示推测的情态动词构成复合结构。例如:

　　It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。

　　It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。

　　Key: 1. B 2. B

　　二、考查强调句型的疑问句式

　　变换句型是增加试题难度的手段之一,强调句型结构本身就让学生"有些糊涂",若再使用其疑问式就更有些让学生"头疼"了。但只要同学们从一开始学习时,就掌握得扎实、牢固,这些"纸老虎"就能一个个被你击溃!

　　一般疑问句式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?

　　特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+is/was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?

　　3. Was________his illness________he didn't go to see the film?

　　A. necessary; when

　　B. that important of; why

　　C. even if; for

　　D. it because of; that

　　E. it although; then

　　4. Was________that I saw last night at the corner?

　　A. it youB. not you

　　C. you D. that yourself

　　Key: 3. D 4. A

　　三、考查强调句型的易错点

　　强调句型的学习、掌握中有很多难点,同时也是易错点,这些学生容易出错的地方,也是各种考试考查的重点和热点。这些易错点有:

　　1)强调时间、地点、原因状语时,通常只使用that,而不能使用when,where,why。

　　5. It was only when I reread his poems recently________I began to appreciate their beauty.

　　A. untilB. thatC. whenD. so

　　6. It was in Qingdao________I saw the sea for the first time.

　　A. whatB. thatC. whenD. which

　　7. It was because of bad weather________the football match had to be put off.

　　A. so B. so that C. whyD. that

　　以上三题均为强调句型,分别强调时间状语(only when I reread his poems recently)、地点状语(in Qingdao)和原因状语(because of bad weather),均只能使用that。

　　2)当被强调的是not...until句型时,应将not置于until之前,主句由否定句改为肯定句。

　　8. It was not until 1920________regular radio broadcast began.

　　A. whileB. whichC. thatD. since

　　Key: C

　　3)强调主语时,谓语动词应与之保持一致。

　　【误】 It is I who/ that is going to be sent there to help them.

　　【正】 It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them.

　　4) 强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时,应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。

　　【误】It was her that told me about it.

　　【正】It was she that told me about it.

　　【误】It is I who the teacher has punished.

　　【正】It is me whom the teacher has punished.

　　四、考查强调句型与相关句型的辨析

　　强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆,故高考也常考查这方面的内容。例如:

　　A. 与定语从句的辨析

　　9. Was it during the Second World War________he died?

　　A. that　B. while

　　C. in which D. then

　　B.与名词性从句的辨析

　　10. It was________he said________

　　disappointed me.

　　A. what; thatB. that; that

　　C. what; whatD. that; what

　　C. 与状语从句的辨析

　　11. It was about 600 years ago 　

　　the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

　　A. that B. until　C. before D. when

　　D. 与there be句型的辨析

　　12.　 　is no possibility________Bob can win the first prize in the match.

　　A. There; thatB. It; that

　　C. There; whether D. It; whether A

　　答案与简析:

　　9. A。本题易错选C,以为是定语从句修饰the Second World War。

　　10. A。本题同时考查强调句型和名词性从句这两个知识点,学生易错选C,认为两处均为名词性从句。

　　11. A。本题易错选C和D,认为是时间状语从句或定语从句。判断是否强调句型的一个简易方法是"还原法",即看其能否删除"It is/was...(that/who/whom)..."部分后还原为一个单句。能者则是,不能者则不是。如上述9-11题分别可还原为:

　　He died during the Second World War.

　　What he said disappointed me.

　　The first clock with a face and an hour hand was made about 600 years ago.

　　12. A。本题为there be句型,而非强调句型。that引导的为同位语从句,作possibility的同位语。

　　(文/王振祥；英语辅导报高中一年级版 03～04学年第38期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)