词汇和语法错误剖析

　　2003年12月27日举行的大学英语四级考试的作文标题是"A Letter in Reply to a Friend".作文提纲为:1.建议报考的专业及理由;2. 报考该专业的基本条件;3.应当如何备考.

　　考生可以根据所给的提纲,结合该朋友的具体情况、爱好和特长等向其建议报考的专业并说明理由.同时还应指出报考该专业所需达到的要求和条件等.最后可就如何准备考试向其提出一些建议,指出需要注意的事项等.

　　该作文主要是考查学生的语言应用能力.笔者在阅卷中发现,绝大多数考生都能根据命题的要求写作.主要问题是,有些考生没能掌握基本词汇和语法,对一些单词、词组和基本句型不知如何正确使用,致使出现一些误用现象,从而影响了整体成绩.

　　以下是在这次作文中出现的一些常见的语法、用词错误,或一些不符合英语习惯表达法的句子.笔者在此作了适当的修改并附了简短的解析.

　　1. 误:If you want to read in our college, you should study hard.

　　正:If you want to be a student in our college, you should study hard.

　　解析:考生受母语影响,写出汉语式英语句子.

　　2. 误:Computer is very important that everyone can't leave it.

　　正:Computer is so important that we can't live without it.

　　解析:考生由于受母语的影响,从而出现了典型的汉语式英语.

　　3. 误:I would like to give you some advices about the examination.

　　正:I would like to give you some advice about the examination.

　　解析:"advice" 为不可数名词.

　　4. 误:You don't anxious about the examination.

　　正:You shouldn't be anxious about the examination.

　　解析:"anxious " 是形容词,不是动词.

　　5. 误:If you want to enter our college, your score must beyond 585.

　　正:If you want to enter our college, your score must be beyond 585.

　　解析:" beyond" 是介词,不是动词.

　　6. 误:If you want to choice the computer major, you should study hard.

　　正:If you want to choose the computer major, you should study hard.

　　解析:"choice " 是名词,不是动词.

　　7. 误:If you learn this major, it will be easy for you to find a work in the future.

　　正:If you learn this major, it will be easy for you to find a job in the future.

　　解析:"work" 通常指具体的工作,而 "job" 则常指有报酬的职业.

　　8. 误:I will wait for good news from you.

　　正:I will expect good news from you.

　　解析:"wait for" 是具体的动作,而 "expect" 是一种心理活动,带有"期待"或"等待"的含义.

　　9. 误:China has taken part in WTO.

　　正:China has joined WTO.

　　解析:"take part in" 表示参加某个活动,而 "join" 则表示成为……的一员.

　　10.误:I suggest you to take part in the examination.

　　正:I suggest you take part in the examination.

　　解析:"suggest" 后的宾语从句常用省略"should" 的原型动词.

　　11. 误:I think you don't worry about the entrance examination.

　　正:I think you needn't worry about the entrance examination.

　　解析:原句辞不达意,无法表达安慰和鼓励的含义.

　　12. 误:You can apply for the English major because you have a good base in English.

　　正:You can apply for the English major because you have a solid foundation in English.

　　解析:表示知识或学习上的基础时应用"foundation".

　　以上错误主要是由于平时写英语作文时,常用汉语思维,受了母语的影响.为了避免以上错误,考生平时应加强语言基本功的训练,不要死记硬背单词,要结合句子学单词.平时应多读一些英语文章,培养写英语作文时用英语思维的习惯.这样就可以避免出现词汇和语法错误.

　　(文/徐巍　英语辅导报大学一年级版03~04学年第34期;版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)