英语辅导:主动结构表示被动意义的几种类型 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/07/15 14:33 英语辅导报 |
英语中表示被动意义的最主要的方法是使用被动结构,即"动作承受者+动词被动态",但有时用主动结构也可以表示被动意义. 一、 用不定式的主动结构表示被动意义 1. 不定式作定语,与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系.例如: I have a lot of work to do. Give me something to drink. 2. 不定式用在形容词easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, dangerous, comfortable, exciting, funny, light, heavy, important, good, interesting等后作状语.例如: This text is easy to understand. They found the question difficult to answer. 3. 不定式to let(出租), to blame(责备)等作表语.例如: The house is to let. Who is to blame for it? 4. 在too... to... 结构中.例如: The problem was too complicated for us to solve. 5. 在there be 句型中.例如: There is nothing to read. 二、 用动名词的主动结构表示被动意义 1. 在形容词worth之后.例如: This book is worth reading. His suggestion is worth considering. 2. 在need, want, require, deserve, bear, stand等动词之后.例如: This house needs repairing. The boy deserves whipping. 3. 在介词past,beyond之后.例如: The old watch is past repairing. The beauty of the West Lake is really beyond describing. 三、 用动词的主动结构表示被动意义 这类动词通常都是既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,当作为不及物动词用于"主语+动词(主动式)"结构中时,往往含有被动意义. 1. 用动词的进行式(主要是现在进行式)表示被动意义,这种句子的主语通常都是指物的,而且可转换为相应的被动结构.例如: The house is building. = The house is being built. 2. 用动词的主动结构(常用一般现在时)表示被动意义,这类句子的主语(也是指物的居多)通常具有某些内在的特征,能够促使动词所表示的动作得以实现或难以实现.而动词常与well, easily, badly, poorly, nicely等修饰语连用,或与一些表示否定意义的词如not, hardly, scarcely等连用.例如: This cloth washes well. Damp wood will not fire. 3. 表示感觉的系动词,如look, sound, feel, taste, smell等可用主动形式表示被动意义.例如: His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. A baby's skin feels smooth. (文/陈军宏 英语辅导报大学一年级版03~04学年第45期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
【英语学习论坛】【评论】【大 中 小】【打印】【关闭】 |