高三英语辅导:从一道高考题谈“系表”结构 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/07/26 13:11 英语辅导报 |
请看2003年一道高考英语试题: Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ______ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 所给的正确答案是B。 在"It will stay fresh for several days"中,谓语动词"will stay fresh" 是连系动词(stay)+表语(形容词fresh),即"系表"结构。下面就谈谈"系表"结构。 "系表"结构常用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。例如: He looked quite strong. 他看来身体很健壮。(特征) She is a student. (身份) 在英语中常用的连系动词主要有: 1. 表示主语具有某种特征或状态的连系动词,如feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear等。例如: Don't they smell nice? 它们味道香吧! 2. 表示主语由一种状态向另一种状态转变的连系动词,如become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come等。例如: The weather becomes warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 The leaves have turned yellow. 树叶已经变黄了。 3. 表示主语继续或保持某种状态的连系动词,如remain, stay, keep等。例如: He remained loyal to the Party all his life. 他一生都忠于党。 The shop stays open till eight o'clock. 这家商店开到八点。 能作表语的主要有: 1. 名(代)词。例如: Uncle Wang is a worker. 王大叔是工人。 It is me. 是我。 2. 数词,包括基数词、序数词、分数、百分数、小数等。例如: She was the first to learn about it. 她是第一个知道这件事的人。 We are altogether fourteen. 我们一共十四个人。 3. 绝大部分形容词和一些副词(on, in, off, up, down, out, over, around等),但要注意形容词与某些连系动词的搭配关系。例如: Soon they fell asleep. 他们很快就睡着了。 We must be off now. 我们现在必须得走了。 4. 介词短语。例如: They are still at breakfast. 他们还在吃早饭。 He has been out of work for a month. 他已经失业一个月了。 5. 动词-ing形式(短语、复合结构)。例如: The difficulty was finding a good teacher. 困难是找到一位好老师。 The situation is encouraging. 形势很令人振奋。 6. 动词不定式(短语、复合结构)。例如: The first lesson was to teach the girl how to play. 第一课就是教这个女孩怎么玩。 This is for you to decide. 这得由你来决定。 7. 过去分词(短语)。例如: The bottle was broken. 瓶子是破的。 He felt a bit upset to hear them talk like that. 他听他们这样说,感到有些不高兴。 8. 由连接代词(that, what, which, who等)和连接副词(how, why, where, when, whether, if等)引起的从句。例如: Her dream was (that) the deaf girl would be able to speak. 她的梦想是让这个聋女孩会讲话。 That's what we should do. 那是我们应该做的。 His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. 他的第一个问题是霍姆斯是否已经到了。 表语通常位于连系动词之后,但在下列情况下,可以放在句首。 1. 为了强调表语。例如: In the east of the city is a steel factory. 这个城市的东面有一家钢厂。 2. 在由How / What引起的感叹句中。例如: How fine the day is!今天(天气)多么好啊! What a bright boy he is!他是多么聪明的男孩啊! 3. 在某些让步状语从句中。例如: Hot as the day was, he went on as usual. 尽管天气很热, 但他和平常一样继续(工作)。 (文/李世英;英语辅导报高三版2003-2004学年第51期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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