V-ing是非谓语动词的一种重要形式, 它包括动名词和现在分词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等成分。下面就其在高考中的考点进行透视, 并再现高考真题。

　　I. V-ing形式作主语, 只有动名词可以作主语。有时为了保持句子结构的平衡, 也用it作形式主语, 而把动名词后置,常用在下列句型中:It's no use / no good / useless doing sth.

　　【真题再现】

　　1. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. ( '02上海)

　　A. Exposed

　　B. Having exposed

　　C. Being exposed

　　D. After being exposed

　　2. _______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. ('03上海春招)

　　A. The president will attend

　　B. The president to attend

　　C. The president attended

　　D. The president's attending

　　[解析] 1、2两题都缺主语,要用名词性从句或动名词作主语。 第1题中的one's skin 与expose 之间是被动关系, 故用动名词的被动语态作主语, 答案为C。第2题A、C两项缺引导词that, 从句中的谓语应用过去将来时态; D项是动名词的复合结构, 可以来作句子的主语, 故答案为D。

　　II. V-ing 形式作宾语, 只有动名词可作宾语.它既可作动词的宾语, 如finish, enjoy, escape, mind, miss(错过), imagine, consider, suggest(建议), appreciate, mean (意味着)等;还可作短语动词的宾语, 如look forward to, be used to(习惯于), stick to, give up, get down to, have difficulty / trouble in, be busy in, feel like 等。

　　【真题再现】

　　3. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour. ('02上海春招)

　　A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting

　　4. The discovery of new evidence led to _______ .('03上海)

　　A. the thief having caught

　　B. catch the thief

　　C. the thief being caught

　　D. the thief to be caught

　　5. Victor apologized for _______ to inform me of the change in the plan. ('04上海春招)

　　A. his being not able

　　B. him not to be able

　　C. his not being able

　　D. him to be not able

　　【解析】 3-5题的答案分别为ACC。第4题lead to中的to为介词, 后跟动名词,thief与catch 之间是被动关系, 故用了动名词的复合结构的被动形式.第5题答案C是动名词否定形式的复合结构。

　　III. V-ing形式作表语,动名词和现在分词都可作表语。动名词作表语时, 表示主语的内容; 现在分词作表语,表示主语的特征或性质。

　　【真题再现】

　　6. -What do you think of the book?

　　-Oh, excellent. It's worth _______ a second time. (MET'89)

　　A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read

　　7. What worried the child most was _______to visit his mother in the hospital. ('98上海)

　　A. his not allowing

　　B. his not being allowed

　　C. his being not allowed

　　D. having not been allowed

　　8. It is believed that if a book is _______ , it will surely _______ the reader. ('03上海)

　　A. interested; interest

　　B. interesting; be interested

　　C. interested; be interesting

　　D. interesting; interest

　　【解析】 6-8题的答案为CBD。第6题是固定搭配be worth doing; 第7题是用来说明孩子们着急的事情是……,故用动名词。

　　IV. V-ing形式作定语, 动名词和现在分词都可作定语.动名词作定语, 说明它所修饰的名词的作用和用途; 现在分词作定语, 表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作, 与所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系, 相当于一个定语从句。

　　【真题再现】

　　9. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (2000北京春招)

　　A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung

　　10. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______ . ('99上海)

　　A. 20 dollars remained

　　B. 20 dollars to remain

　　C. remained 20 dollars

　　D. remaining 20 dollars

　　【解析】 9-10题的答案分别为BD.第9题中的hang 是不及物动词, 意为"悬挂",作后置定语修饰名词。第10题中的remain 也是不及物动词, 意为"剩下的"。

　　V. V-ing 形式作状语, 在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果、目的、让步等。动词与句子的主语或某个名词之间是主动关系。

　　【真题再现】

　　11. He sent an e-mail, _______ to get further information. (2000上海)

　　A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

　　12. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. ('02上海)

　　A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked

　　【解析】 11-12题的答案分别为BC。第11题是现在分词短语作状语。第12题中his parents 与lack 之间是主动关系, lack of 中lack是形容词。故选C。

　　VI. V-ing形式作补语.用在动词find, feel, hear, notice, catch等动词后, 或with复合结构中,必须与宾语之间是主动关系,且动作正在进行。

　　【真题再现】

　　13. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the passenger's pocket. ('04北京春招)

　　A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

　　【解析】 此题的答案为D。是固定搭配catch sb. doing 发现某人正在干……。

　　VII. V-ing形式起补充说明的作用, 动词与句子之间或句子的主语之间只表示一种主动关系而已。

　　【真题再现】

　　14. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, _______ into the woods. ('04上海春招)

　　A. seizing; disappeared

　　B. seized; disappeared

　　C. seizing; disappearing

　　D. seized; disappearing

　　【解析】 此题的答案为D。是a tall man与disappear之间是主动关系。

　　(文/郑艳萍；《 英语通》高二版 03~04学年度第5期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)