as在英语中是一个比较常见、用法繁多的词，它和其它词的搭配关系也很广泛。笔者对1995年1月-2003年12月大学英语四级考试19套试题中词汇与语法结构部分进行了分析，发现几乎每套试题中都有1-2个小题测试到as的常见用法。由此可见，as的用法在四级考试中是不可忽视的语法现象。

　　as的常见用法如下：

　　1. 由as, as soon as, as often as等引出时间状语从句。

　　As computers and telecommunication technologies continue to integrate, computer networking and electronic publishing are just successful applications. 随着计算机和电信技术不断结合，计算机网络和电子出版正好得到了成功的应用。

　　As soon as the experiment was over, we went to the information center. 实验一做完，我们就去信息中心了。

　　As often as I praised him for his hard work, he kept silent. 每当我表扬他工作勤奋时，他总是默不作声。

　　2.由as引出原因状语从句。

　　As he has lived in the United States for years, his spoken English is quite fluent. 因为他在美国居住多年，所以他的英语口语很流利。

　　3.由as引出让步状语从句，其语序与正常语序有所不同。

　　Much as I should like to invite you to the meeting, I am afraid you could not come. 虽然我愿意邀请你来参加会议，但我怕你还是不能来。(副词much放到as之前)

　　Child as he is, he knows how to operate a computer. 他虽然还是个小孩，但他懂得如何操作计算机。(表语前置到as之前)

　　4.由as, as if, as though引出方式状语从句。

　　As the cell is the smallest unit for a living thing, so the family forms an indivisible unit for a society. 如同细胞是生物的最小单位，家庭则是社会的最小单位。

　　He works like a beaver, as if (或as though) he never knew fatigue. 他工作兢兢业业，仿佛从来不知疲倦。

　　5.由as...as或not as...as引出比较状语从句或引出表示比较的短语。其中第一个as为副词，作"一样"解，后面接形容词或副词；第二个as为连词，作"像，如同"讲，从句常省略与主句相同的成分。

　　She is as proud as a peacock. 她非常骄傲。

　　He is not so much a college student as a project manager. 与其说他是大学生，不如说他是项目经理。(句中not so much和as是分开的，原意是"不如……多"，转意为"与其说……，倒不如说……"。)

　　6.由as, such...as, the same...as等引出定语从句。

　　I shall use the instrument in such a way as he used it yesterday. 我将按他昨天使用(该仪器)的方法来使用该仪器。

　　Each atom normally has the same number of electrons revolving about the nucleus as it has protons in the nucleus. 通常每个原子内绕原子核旋转的电子数和原子核内的质子数相同。

　　As is reported in today's newspaper, the two countries have signed the treaty of peace and friendship. 据今天报纸报导，这两个国家已签署了和平友好条约。

　　注意：单个as引出非限制性定语从句时，as在从句中作成分，本身代替主句整个意思，翻译时，一般可译为"正如……那样" 。同时，这种as从句的位置比较灵活，既可置于句首或句末，也可插到句中；若插到句中，要用逗号将其与主句隔开。

　　7.由as long as 或so long as 引出条件状语从句。

　　We'll say no more about it as (或so) long as she understands us. 只要她理解我们，我们对此事就不再说什么。

　　8.由such as 或as引出同位语。

　　In physics some words, such as work and power, have particular meanings. 物理学中的有些词，例如功和功率就具有特定的含义。

　　9.由单个as引出插入句或插入语。当as引出插入句时，其大致格式与由其引出的非限制性定语从句相似，只是as在插入句内作连词。用as引出插入语时，绝大多数情况下，插入语与句中其它成分用标点符号分开。

　　Without air, there would be no wind or cloud. There would be no weather, as we know it. 没有空气就不会有风和云。正如我们知道的那样，也不会有什么天气。

　　Guangzhou foreign trade, as a matter of fact, has been rising rapidly. 广州外贸实际上一直在迅速上升。

　　10.由介词as引出宾语补语或主语补语。

　　She has served as a model for several painters. 她当了好几位画家的模特儿。

　　11.带as的其它固定词组，如as to, as for, as yet, as well, as well as, as from等。

　　As to (或As for) the purpose of computers, we'll talk about them in details later. 至于计算机的用途，我们以后再详细讨论。

　　We have linked our enterprise's fate, as well as its images, with the fate of China. 我们已将我们的企业形象和命运跟中国的命运联系在一起。

　　She has not as yet been trained to any special work. 到目前为止，她尚未受过任何专门工作的训练。

　　从以上的讲解可看出，as的用法比较繁多，也比较复杂。下面以分析历年四级考题为实例，来学习四级考试中经常测试到的as用法。

　　[实例] ________I admire David as a poet, I don't like him as a man. [CET-4, 03, 12, 48 ]

　　A. Much as B. Only if C. If only D. As much

　　[译文] 虽然我仰慕作为诗人的大卫，但我不喜欢他的为人。

　　[简析] 本句测试as的两种用法：第一个as引出让步状语从句，而且副词much前置到as之前，由此判断正确答案为A；第二个as及第三个as引出宾语补语a poet及a man。

　　[实例] She had a tense expression on her face,________she were expecting trouble. [CET-4, 03, 09, 67]

　　A. even though B. even as

　　C. as though D. now that

　　[译文] 她表情紧张，好像知道要有麻烦了。

　　[简析] 根据句子意思，从句显然为as though 引出的方式状语从句，其中as though可由as if替换。由此可知，C为正确答案。

　　[实例] A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, ________was to be expected. [CET-4, 03, 12, 42]

　　A. that B. what C. so D. as

　　[译文] 正如所料，代表们提出了许多建议。

　　[实例] ________might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. [CET-4, 96, 06, 27]

　　A. As B. That C. It D. What

　　[译文] 正如所料，人们对这个问题观点不一。

　　[简析] 以上两题均测试由as引导的非限制性定语从句。as的这种用法在四级考试中多次出现过，其引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，既可置于句首或句末，也可插到句中。

　　[实例] Americans eat________as they actually need every day. [CET-4, 98, 06, 56]

　　A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much

　　C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much

　　[译文] 美国人摄取的蛋白质是他们实际日需量的两倍。

　　[简析] as...as引出比较状语从句，其中，much修饰名词，应放在名词protein之前；twice表示倍数，修饰as much protein as，也应置前，故A为正确答案。

　　[实例] The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness________by his lack of talent. [CET-4, 99, 01, 68 ]

　　A. than B. more than C. as D. so much as

　　[译文] 这个号手吹的声音确实很吵，但是我烦的并不是他吹得太吵，而是他缺乏天分。

　　[简析] not...so much和as是分开的，意思是"……不及，不如"，转意为"与其说……，倒不如说……"或"不是……，而是……"。

　　[实例] Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, ________a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.

　　[CET-4, 97, 06, 51 ]

　　A. as for B. in view ofC. in case of D. such as

　　[译文] 研究表明，那些最能使人产生幸福感的东西，是不能用金钱买到的，如和睦的家庭、友谊和事业上的满足感等。

　　[简析] such as引出同位语a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction, 对前面的名词the things起列举作用，可译为"例如"。

　　[实例] ________he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment. [CET-4, 98, 01, 35 ]

　　A. As soon as B. So far as

　　C. As well as D. So long as

　　[译文] 只要他认真做，我不在乎他什么时候完成实验。

　　[简析] so (或as)long as意为"只要"，引出条件状语从句，可用if only代替。此种用法在四级考试中也多次出现过。

　　[实例] ________the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel and almost everything. [CET-4, 03, 06, 67 ]

　　A. As long as B. As far as

　　C. As soon as D. As well as

　　[译文] 人们既要防备敌人行动的危险，又要对付吃的、穿的、燃料等等之类东西的严重短缺。

　　[简析] as well as为固定词组，意为"和……一样，不但……而且……"，既可作连词，引出状语从句；也可作为介词，后接名词。此处as well as 用作介词，引出名词短语the danger from enemy action；其它三个选项都只能用作连词，引导状语从句。

　　(文/方庆华；英语辅导报大学二年级版 03～04学年第45、46期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)