V-ing作状语是高中阶段对非谓语动词考查的热点之一，V-ing在句中作状语的用法也是同学们学习的难点。在句中作状语的V-ing形式也叫现在分词。本文将专题讨论V-ing在句中的句法作用，希望对同学们的学习有所帮助。

　　一、V-ing 的时态和语态。

　　下表以动词do为例说明现在分词的时态和语态的不同变化形式及其否定式的构成：

　　1.现在分词的一般式表示该动作在与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前，在句中只能作状语表示时间和原因。如：

　　Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside. (分词动作与谓语动作同时发生)

　　The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. (分词动作在谓语动作之后发生)

　　Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football. (分词动作在谓语动作之前发生)

　　2. 现在分词的主动式表示动作是由句子主语发出，而被动式表明主语承受该动作。如：

　　Being noticed by so many people, she felt nervous, not knowing what to say.

　　Not having been washed in the correct way, the coat has faded.

　　3. 现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never)。注意完成式的否定式应将not(never)加在have前。如：

　　Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.

　　二、现在分词可以与when, while, if, though等连词使用。如：

　　When doing your homework, you mustn't listen to the music.

　　Though having been warned many times, she got to school late again.

　　三、当现在分词的逻辑主语不是句中主语时，可以带有自己的主语--名词或代词主格。这样的结构属于独立主格结构，有时前面还可加介词with构成复合结构。

　　Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic next Sunday.

　　With so many people looking at her, the girl felt nervous.

　　四、现在分词作状语其逻辑主语与句中主语不一致的常见情况：

　　1. generally / strictly / frankly speaking和 judging from等作为插入语时。如：

　　Generally speaking, women work more carefully than men.

　　Judging from his accent, he must be an American.

　　2. 句中主语为事物，而现在分词的逻辑主语是该动作的执行者。如：

　　It looks as if the clothes were not washed according to the instructions.

　　The idea can be expressed using a single sentence.

　　3. 当分词在句中作结果状语，其逻辑主语为前面整个句子时。如：

　　European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.

　　五、现在分词在句中作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等。通常可以改为相应的从句或并列句。如：

　　Walking along the street, he met his old friend. (时间)

　　→When he was walking along the street, he met his old friend.

　　Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second letter.(原因)

　　→Because she hadn't received his reply, she decided to write a second letter.

　　Seeing from the top of the hill, you will find the city more beautiful.(条件)

　　→If you see it from the top of the hill, you will find the city more beautiful.

　　All the students sat in the classroom, waiting for their new English teacher. (伴随)

　　→All the students sat in the classroom, and they were waiting for their new English teacher.

　　My parents went to the park yesterday, leaving me alone at home. (结果)

　　→My parents went to the park yesterday, and they left me alone at home.

　　巩固练习：

　　1. He turned over and went to sleep again, that it was still early.

　　A. to think B. and thought

　　C. thinking D. thought

　　2. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

　　A. Having sufferedB. Suffering

　　C. To suffer D. Suffered

　　3. ________ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.

　　A. Having no learned

　　B. Not learning

　　C. Having never learned

　　D. Never having learned

　　4. It rained heavily, ________ serious flooding in that country.

　　A. caused B. to cause

　　C. causing D. and caused

　　5. He sent me an E-mail, ________ to get further information.

　　A. hoped B. hoping

　　C. hope D. to hope

　　6. ________ no rain, we all went out for a walk after supper.

　　A. There was B. There being

　　C. There to be D. It being

　　7. He stepped into the room, ________ his seat and sat down to read.

　　A. findB. to findC. finding D. found

　　8. The old man wrote a letter to the hospital, ________ his thanks to the doctor who had cured his illness.

　　A. expressing B. to express

　　C. express D. expressed

　　9. ________ to the right, you will find the place you want.

　　A. TurnB. To turn

　　C. TurningD. Turned

　　10. Night ______, we hurried home.

　　A. fellB. fallingC. fallen D. fall

　　Key: 1-5 CADCB 6-10 BDACB

　　(文/仲卫东；英语通高中一年级版 03～04学年第5期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)