新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 教学参考:英语四级听力命题规律与解题技巧

教学参考:英语四级听力命题规律与解题技巧
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 09:29  英语辅导报

  大学英语四级听力主要测试学生获得口头信息的能力.而在历年的听力测试中,学生的得分却不理想.有些学生花大量的时间来收听材料,结果却收效甚微.其实准备听力测试也需要一定的理解技巧.它要求学生掌握扎实的语言基本功,拥有良好的听力习惯和技能,以及对相关学科的背景知识(如英美的历史文化、风俗习惯)的了解.在收听材料的过程中能运用这些能力来推断演绎,得出正确的答案.本文对听力考试中的对话的命题规律加以归纳,希望对考生有一些帮助.

  在四级听力测试中常见的题型主要有以下几种:一、计算题;二、地点方向题;三、对话者关系题;四、含否定关系的题型;五、含条件关系的题型;六、含"but"的题型;七、推理判断题.

  以下笔者举例加以详解.

  一、计算题

  计算题的特点是要求考生回答对话中有关数字的一些问题,如日期、年龄、时间、速度等,计算方式一般是加、减、乘、除.例如:

  1. W: It's awfully dark for 4 o'clock. Do you think it's going to rain?

  M: You'd better do something about that watch of yours. It must have stopped hours ago. Mine says 7.

  Q: What conclusion can we draw from this conversation?

  A. Neither of their watches keeps good time.

  B. The woman's watch stopped 3 hours ago.

  C. The man's watch goes too fast.

  D. It's too dark for the woman to read her watch.

  (带下划线的是正确答案.以下相同)

  2. W: Here's a 10-dollar bill, give me two tickets for tonight's show, please.

  M: Sure, two tickets and here's $1.40 change.

  Q: How much does one ticket cost? (1997年6 月试题)

  A: $ 1.40.B: $ 4.30. C: $ 6.40. D: $ 8.60.

  二、地点方向题

  地点方向题是针对双方直接或间接提到的某个地点及说话者的去向提问的.该类型要求考生根据对话内容所提到的场所来辨别和推断.一般来讲,常见的场所有学校、邮局、医院、机场等等.

  3. W: Good morning, what can I do for you?

  M: I'd like to have my emergency brake fixed. The car rolls when I park it on the hill.

  Q: Where does the conversation most likely take place?

  A. At a gas station.

  B. In a park.

  C. In an emergency room.

  D. At a garage.

  4. W: Can you stay for dinner?

  M: I'd love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school.

  Q: Where will the man go first?

  A. To the school.

  B. To a friend's house.

  C. To the post office.

  D. Home.

  三、对话者关系题

  该题型要求考生通过对话内容判断出对话者之间的关系.常见的有学生与教师的关系,顾客与售货员的关系,病人与医生的关系,住客与服务员的关系等等.

  5. W: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown.

  M: Certainly, sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.

  Q: What's the probably relationship between the two speakers?

  A. Teacher and student.

  B. Customer and waitress.

  C. Lawyer and client.

  D. Boss and secretary.

  6. W: Hello, Mary, this is Dan Morrison from the office. I'm calling to see how Tom is feeling today. If he's not so well, I may arrange someone else to do his work instead.

  M: Oh, hello, Mr. Morrison. The doctor said he'd be able to go back to work tomorrow.

  Q: Who is Dan.Morrison?

  A. Mary's doctor.

  B. Tom's doctor.

  C. Tom's employee.

  D. Tom's boss.

  四、含否定关系的题型

  该题型只要注意抓住表示否定的词或词组即可.

  7. W: Do you want to see John?

  M: He is the last person I want to see now.

  Q: What does the woman mean?

  A. She doesn't want to see John.

  B. She will see John in a moment.

  C. She will see John finally.

  D. She is willing to see John.

  8. W: I think I'd order the chocolate mousse. I know it's rich, but I didn't eat lunch earlier today.

  M: No dessert for me. I can hardly get into my clothes as it is.

  Q: Why don't the man order dessert?

  A. He is full.

  B. He doesn't want to gain weight.

  C. He thinks the dessert will be too rich for him.

  D. He is afraid of spilling the dessert on his clothes.

  五、含条件关系的题型

  条件句包括真实条件句和虚拟条件句.考生要注意判断所给条件为真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,找出句子的正确时态.

  9. W: Did you win the game?

  M: If only our team had scored one more point!

  Q: What does the man mean?

  A. It's too bad we didn't score another point.

  B. Our team is the best one by far.

  C. We won a very close game.

  D. Their team didn't get a single point.

  10. W: If I buy some plants for the house, will you water them for me while I am away?

  M: Sure, I will, if you water mine while I'm on vacations.

  Q: What will the man do for the woman? (1999年 6月)

  A. Clear her house while she is away.

  B. Buy some plants and take care of them.

  C. Water her plants while she is away.

  D. Water her plants while he is not at work.

  六、含"but"的题型

  该题型中第二人的答话由两部分组成,先是一个简单的短句,后是一个较长的句子,短句和长句之间用but连接.but后的长句是答案的关键.

  11. W: I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need without a library card.

  M: That's right, but not those reference books.

  Q: What does the man mean?

  A. Students with a library card can check any book out.

  B. Reference books are not allowed to be checked out.

  C. Only students with a library card can check out reference books.

  D. The number of books a student can check out is unlimited.

  12.W: Will Michael be coming to the party tomorrow night?

  M: He supposed to, but in fact he won't be back from the business trip till the day after tomorrow.

  Q: Where will Michael be tomorrow?

  A. At the party.

  B. Back at home.

  C. Back from the trip.

  D. Still on his trip.

  七、推理判断题

  该题型要求学生根据对话内容推断说话者的态度、观点、目的或意图等等.

  13. W: I'm a stranger here. Where can I have copies made of my application?

  M: Isn't there a photocopy machine inside the post office that you were just in?

  Q: What does the man imply?

  A. He doesn't know if there is a photocopy machine there.

  B. He asks the woman to mail a copy of her application.

  C. The photocopy machine isn't in the office any more.

  D. The woman can make copies at the post office.

  14. W: Hey, Dan, I hear you're meeting Susan's parents for the first time.

  M: Yeah, next week. Fortunately, her father loves fishing, so we will have something to talk about.

  Q: What can be inferred about Dan? (2000年 12月)

  A. He is going to give a talk on fish.

  B. He is eager to meet Susan's parents.

  C. He has the same hobby as Susan's father.

  D. He thinks fishing is a good way to kill time.

  (文/刘艳晖 英语辅导报大学教师版04~05学年第3、4期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)


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