名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其用法复杂,考查面广、量大,是同学们颇感棘手的语法项目,也是历年来高考的重点之一。现在让我们走近名词性从句,剖析其考查热点,探索其命题规律。

　　一、考查名词性从句的语序

　　不管主句的语气如何,名词性从句总是使用陈述语序。

　　[原题再现]

　　No one can be sure ________ in a million years.

　　A. what man will look like

　　B. what will man look like

　　C. man will look like what

　　D. what look will man like

　　答案是A。

　　二、考查it作形式主语的用法

　　英语中为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it代替主语从句,而把主语从句放到句子的后面。

　　[原题再现]

　　________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

　　A. There B. This

　　C. That D. It

　　答案是D。

　　三、考查关联词的正确选用

　　这是近几年高考的重中之重。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手:

　　1.依据"缺什么补什么"的原则确定正确的连词

　　认真分析句子成分,看从句中缺什么成分,再根据语境和语义,选用恰当的连词。如果从句中缺少主语,指人用who,指物则用what;如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what或which;如果从句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:

　　I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主语,指人用who)

　　I know what should be done and what shouldn't be done.(缺主语,指物用what)

　　I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用that)

　　Where he will go is still unknown.(缺地点状语,用where)

　　I don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定语,用what或which)

　　[原题再现]

　　-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

　　-Is that ________ you had a few days off?

　　A. why B. when

　　C. what D. where

　　答案是A。

　　2.注意几组易混连词的使用

　　1) what与that

　　这是高考测试的一对热点连词,同学们一定要将其掌握。that引导名词性从句时仅起连接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在宾语从句中外一般不可省略;what引导名词性从句时,除起连接作用外,还在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。

　　[原题再现]

　　________ he said is true.

　　A. What B. That

　　C. Which D. Whether

　　答案是A。

　　2) whether与if

　　whether与if在引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及作介词宾语的宾语从句或后面直接跟or not时,只能用whether。

　　[原题再现]

　　________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

　　A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

　　答案是B 。

　　3) "wh-+ever"与"wh-""wh-+ever"引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于名词/代词后加一个定语从句;而"wh-"如what, which, who, whom, when, where等除与前一种从句有相同的含义之外,还都有疑问意义。

　　[原题再现]

　　① Eat ________ cake you like and leave the others for ________ comes in late.

　　A. any; who B. every; whoever

　　C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever

　　② ________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

　　A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever

　　③ It's a matter of ________ would take the position.

　　A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

　　答案分别是C D A。

　　3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

　　同位语从句和定语从句都跟在名词后,极易为某些同学混淆。同位语从句是用来对前面的名词解释说明的,而定语从句是用来对先行词加以限制的;引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作任何成分,而引导定语从句的关系代词that则在定语从句中担任主语或宾语。

　　[原题再现]

　　① Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.

　　A. which B. what C. whatever D. that

　　② Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

　　A. while B. that C. when D. as

　　答案分别是DB。第①题是定语从句,第②题是同位语从句。

　　(文/籍万杰；英语辅导报高三版2003-2004学年第4期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)