新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 标志、语境、创新--- 高考对时态题考查的特点

标志、语境、创新--- 高考对时态题考查的特点
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/25 15:58  英语辅导报

  标志、语境、创新是高考对时态题进行考查而出现的三种题型,它代表了高考英语时态题的发展方向和命题总体趋势,体现了良好的检测效果。当然这三种试题检测特点并不完全相同。标志题主要考查考生根据时态标志识别相应时态的能力,90年代中期之前的高考试题以此类试题为主;语境题主要考查考生分析语境确定时态的能力,90年代后期高考试卷上出现了大量这样的试题;创新题主要考查考生在创新性语境中正确运用时态的能力,现今的高考试卷上经常出现这种试题。显然,这三种试题并不是一下子出台的,它是高考命题专家不断总结经验摸索出来的行之有效的时态检测好方法,三种试题在难度上呈递增趋势,适用于对不同水平层次的考生进行检测,三种试题交错使用便于高校分层次选拔人才。本文拟谈这三种试题的命题特点及应对方法。

  一、标志型时态题命题特点及应对方法

  命题特点:这种试题常给出动作发生的时间状语或以特定词汇的形式给出动作发生的时间背景,考查考生识别时态的能力。

  高考题例:

  1. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _______ at a radio shop at the time. (NMET 1997)

  A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked

  析:B。at the time暗示三年前我第一次遇到丽莎时她正在一家无线电商店工作。

  2. At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (2003北京)

  A. we're going to fly B. we'll be flying C. we'll fly D. we're to fly

  析:B。At this time tomorrow制约该空应用将来进行时。

  3. With the rapid growth of population, the city _______ in all directions in the past five years.(2001北京、安徽、内蒙古春季)

  A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread

  析:B。in the past five years表示在刚刚过去的五年中这个城市的面积向四周扩大,所以应用现在完成时。

  4. John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christ- mas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that.(2002普高春季)

  A. had been; have seen

  B. have been; have seen

  C. had been; had seen

  D. have been; had seen

  析:D。for eight years暗示第一空表示"到目前为止约翰和我已是八年朋友",所以应用现在完成时;before that暗示第二空表示过去的过去动作,应用过去完成时。

  5. I wonder why Jenny _______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (NMET 2002)

  A. hasn't written B. doesn't write C. won't write D. hadn't written

  析:A。recently制约该空应使用现在完成时。

  6. -How are you today?

  -Oh, I _______ as ill as I do now for a very long time. (NMET 2000)

  A. didn't feel B. wasn't feeling C. don't feel D. haven't felt

  析:D。for a very long time暗示到现在为止我没这么病着已经很长时间了,所以应使用现在完成时。

  7. You don't need to describe her. I _______ her several times. (NMET 1995)

  A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

  析:B。several times 表示到目前为止我已遇见过她多次,所以应使用现在完成时。

  应对方法:熟悉特定时间状语标志着特定时态的规律,如now, at present往往标志着

  一般现在时或现在进行时;yesterday, last week, a few years ago 往往标志着一般过去时;at that time, at the time, at this time yesterday, then往往标志着过去进行时;tomorrow, next week, in an hour往往标志着一般将来时;at this time tomorrow, at five tomorrow afternoon往往标志着一般将来时或将来进行时。

  熟悉特定词汇标志着特定时态的规律,如often, always, usually, never, seldom表示经常性、习惯性动作,应用一般现在/过去时;for + 时间段和since + 时间点往往表明到现在/过去为止某动作已持续多长时间,应用现在/过去完成时;by后接过去时间状语常表示到过去某一时刻为止已经完成的动作,应用过去完成时;up to now / today, until now / today, recently, lately, in recent years, all these days, so far,several times往往表示到现在/今天为止或近来动作已持续多长时间,或发生多少次数,应用现在完成时;in the past / last two years表示在到目前为止已经过去的几年里,应用现在完成时;in the next / following few years 表示在随后的几年里,应用一般过去时;in the coming few years表示在即将到来的几年里,应用一般将来时。

  二、语境型时态题命题特点及应对方法

  命题特点:这种时态题没有明确时态标志,抽象空泛。

  高考题例:

  1. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. (NMET 2001)

  A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change

  析:A。只有认真分析语境才能发现科学在现阶段一直高速发展着,所以应用现在进行时。

  2. -Is this raincoat yours?

  -No, mine _______ there behind the door. (NMET 1997)

  A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung

  析:A。认真分析语境可知,我的雨衣此刻正挂在门后,因此应用现在进行时。

  3. -Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?

  -Of course. What is it?

  -I _______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. (2002北京)

  A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder

  析:B。分析语境可知,答句来源于: (Just now) I _______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. 显然,应使用过去进行时。

  应对方法:认真分析语境含义,努力寻找时态依据。

  三、创新型时态题命题特点及应对方法

  命题特点:现在型过去时:这种试题动作表述时的情况与实际情况有所不同。一般现在时代替一般将来时时态题:这种时态题或以条件状语从句、时间状语从句为试题题干,或将动词设定为come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly, drive等严格按照时间表发生的表示"起、止"的动词。陷阱型时态题:这种试题题干中的动词或动词时态具有较强的迷惑作用,诱使考生在另一动词的时态上出错。

  高考题例:

  1. The pen I _______ I _______ is on my desk, right under my nose. (NMET 1993)

  A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost

  析:B。"我以为我把钢笔弄丢了"意味着此时我已知道钢笔并没有丢,因此,所谓的"我以为"应指刚才我以为,不能说"I think",而应说"I thought"。

  2. -Hey, look where you are going!

  -Oh, I'm terribly sorry. _______ . (NMET 1999)

  A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticing C. I haven't noticed D. I don't notice

  析:B。说话人虽然说他没有注意到走错了路,但实际上说话时他已经注意到了,因此"不注意"应为刚才不注意,不能说"I'm not noticing",应说"I wasn't noticing"。

  3. I need one more stamp before my collection _______ . (NMET 1994)

  A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed

  析:D。分析语境含义可知,邮册将被集满,但before引导时间状语从句,应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

  4. -Who is Jerry Cooper?

  - _______ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET 1997)

  A. Don't you meet him yet

  B. Hadn't you met him yet

  C. Didn't you meet him yet

  D. Haven't you met him yet

  析:D。认真分析语境可知,本题为对话式直接引语,标准对照时间点为现在,该空表示"你到现在为止还没遇到他吗?",因此应用现在完成时。解本题时不能受"saw"的误导,把标准对照时间点误定为过去而采用过去完成时。

  应对方法:现在型过去时:抓住表述情况与实际情况的不同点,体会过去动作的特殊性。现在型将来时:牢记只有表示时间或条件的状语从句才能使用一般现在时代替一般将来时, come, go, leave, arrive, start, fly, drive等严格按照时间表发生的表示"起、止"的动词可使用一般现在时代替一般将来时。陷阱型时态题:结合语境认真分析题干动词形式及时态与所需动词形式及时态的不同之处再进行判断。

  (文/郝昌明; 英语通高一版 04~05学年度第8期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)


评论英语学习论坛】【 】【打印】【关闭



Annotation


新闻查询帮助

热 点 专 题
中超俱乐部酝酿大变革
中国国际通讯技术展
北京新交法听证报告
南方周末内地创富榜
2004珠海国际航空展
凤凰卫视中华环姐大赛
高峰那英情感风波
狼的诱惑-终结版连载
全国万家餐馆网友热评



教育频道意见反馈留言板 电话:010-62630930-5178 欢迎批评指正

新浪简介 | About Sina | 广告服务 | 联系我们 | 招聘信息 | 网站律师 | SINA English | 会员注册 | 产品答疑

Copyright © 1996 - 2004 SINA Inc. All Rights Reserved

版权所有 新浪网
北京市通信公司提供网络带宽