句子是书面表达的基本单位，因此书面表达实际上就是特定语境中句意的表达。句意表达的方法和技巧很多，本文谈谈如何以动词为突破口进行句意表达。

　　一、 弄清成分顺序，确定句子结构

　　众所周知，句子成分顺序的表达有如下表所示的五种基本句型。

　　由以上表达可清楚看出，简单句五种基本句型中均含有谓语动词，而且谓语动词位于句子中间，并起着连接主语和宾语/表语的作用，因此，以动词为突破口可以巧记动词前后成分，从而正确把握句子的结构。

　　二、 分析各种一致进行句意表达

　　动词是任何句子不可缺少的成分，它与其它多种成分之间存在着内在联系，形成各种一致。分析这些一致可以巧妙地进行句意表达；反之，如果打破这些一致性，句意的准确表达就难以得到保证。

　　1. 分析主谓搭配进行句意表达

　　例1： 尽管他的邻居们过去对他很友好，但现在不喜欢他。

　　误： His neighbor don't like him now though they used to be kind to him.

　　正： His neighbors don't like him now though they used to be kind to him.

　　例2： 任何人都可以借书，而且借书不花钱。

　　误： Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.

　　正： Anyone may borrow books, and it costs nothing to borrow them.

　　例3：现在我的照片和奖状就挂在图书馆里。

　　误： Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.

　　正： Now my picture and the prize are hanging in the library.

　　析：表达句意时应认真分析主语和谓语的单复数，根据主谓一致的原则配之以单复数形式正确的名词和动词。

　　2. 分析动形搭配和动副搭配进行句意表达

　　例1： 他对他的学生要求严格。

　　误： He is very strictly with all his students.

　　正： He is very strict with all his students.

　　例2： 请专心致志地听英语老师讲课。

　　误： Please listen to your English teacher attentive.

　　正： Please listen to your English teacher attentively.

　　析：表达句意时应注意修饰连系动词用形容词，修饰行为动词用副词。

　　3. 分析动介搭配进行句意表达

　　例1： 他们把全班分成两个组。

　　误： They divided the class in two groups.

　　正： They divided the class into two groups.

　　例2：据说病人在医院里得到很好的照料。

　　误： It is said that the patient is being well looked for in the hospital.

　　正： It is said that the patient is being well looked after in the hospital.

　　析：表达句意时应注意分析动词和介词的搭配是否正确。

　　4. 分析动词与时态搭配进行句意表达

　　例1：如今保持身体健康比过去容易得多了。

　　误： Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.

　　正： Today it is much easier to be healthy than it was in the past.

　　例2： 过去在业余时间我常打乒乓球，但现在我对足球感兴趣。

　　误： I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.

　　正： I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.

　　例3： 我想起了她的话冷静了下来。

　　误： I remembered her words and calm down.

　　正： I remembered her words and calmed down.

　　析：表达句意时应借助于特定语境、特定时间状语或特定时态的提示而采用正确的时态，并在动词形式上准确体现。

　　5. 分析动词与主语之间的主动与被动搭配，进行句意表达

　　例1： Charles和Linda被发现到了楼顶。

　　误： Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.

　　正： Charles and Linda were seen near the top of the building.

　　例2：图书管理员会给你写信，让你知道你要的书已被归还。

　　误： The librarian will write to you, and let you know when the book you want has returned.

　　正： The librarian will write to you, and let you know when the book you want has been returned.

　　析：表达句意时应分析主语和动作的执行与承受、主动与被动关系，从而使用正确的语态。

　　三、分析动词变化形式确定句式类型

　　动词是最重要的词类，几乎所有特定句式均以动词的变化为标志，因此分析动词形式变化可以确定句式类型，反之表达特定句式需对动词作特定变化，请看下列历年高考英语书面表达例句，体会特定句式在动词形式上的变化规律。

　　[高考题例]

　　例1： You know where that is, don't you?

　　析：陈述句变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句部分应由"肯定或否定式助动词+主语"构成。

　　例2： I'm sure you'll have no trouble finding us. Do come!

　　析：在祈使句中就动词原形进行强调时，应在动词原形前面加强调词do。

　　例3： The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.

　　例4："We've found you at last," they said. But we didn't know them.

　　例5： The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed heading west.

　　例6： I don't know about others ...

　　析： 陈述句变成否定句时，应在助动词后面加not或将实义动词改成"do / does / did not +实义动词"。

　　例7： Hope you don't have to wait as long as we did.

　　例8： Don't forget: 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building.

　　析：祈使句应以动词原形(否定句以助动词Don't)开头。

　　例9： Do you think you'd like it?

　　析：一般疑问句应以助动词开头。

　　(文/郝昌明； 英语通高二版 04~05学年度第8期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)