高一英语课外辅导:如何猜测生词的含义 ② |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/11/26 16:00 英语辅导报 |
4. 通过同义词猜测词义 有时,在行文中可能会同时出现某一生词的同义词,这时,我们就可通过其同义词来猜测该生词的含义。例如: Mei Mei is a diligent and careful girl. She is a good student. All her teachers like her. 文中diligent属生词,但可通过文中的careful和good以及上下文间的逻辑关系猜出其为褒义词,可以基本判定含义。 The old woman has a strange habit (习惯) to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her an eccentric lady. 通过上下文可知strange为eccentric的同义词或近义词,由此可猜出其含义为“古怪的;怪癖的”。 5. 通过反义词猜测词义 有时,在行文中可能会同时出现某一生词的反义词,此时,我们就可通过这个词来猜测该生词的含义。例如: Be punctual when you are going to a party. Never be late. 文中punctual一词的含义,可通过上下文间的逻辑关系判定late为其反义词,既而猜出其意为“准时的”。 He is a stupid boy. He isn't bright at all. 通过下文的bright可以猜出stupid意为“迟钝的”。 I like making friends with anybody. I hate making enemies. 通过上文的friend可猜出enemy意为“敌人”。 6. 通过举例或实例猜测词义 在阅读中,我们经常会在短文中碰到for example, such as, as... as等用于举例之类的词语,它对我们猜测生词词义有很大帮助。例如: There is little furniture in the room. For example, there is no TV set, no fridge, no electric fan. There is even no desk in it. There is only a bed and a chair and piles of books on the floor. 可通过上下文猜出furniture意为“家具”。 有时,还可利用上下文提供的实例来推测词义。例如: Tom is often voracious. One day he ate as much as two pounds of meat. 通过后半句的陈述,我们可推测voracious大意为“贪吃的”。 7. 根据上下文间的逻辑关系猜测词义 有时,我们还可以通过同类词来猜出生词的(大致)含义。例如: She brought out a lot of things for us to eat—apples, pears, bananas, grapes, mangoes and some biscuits. 文中的mango, biscuit均为生词,但根据上文“她拿出许多东西给我们吃”以及apple, pear, banana等词,不难猜出这些均表食物,是吃的东西。 He is a millionaire. He has a lot of money. Every year he travels to other countries with his family. He even plans a trip into space. 通过上下文,我们不难猜出millionaire意为“a man who has a lot of money”。 8. 根据常识或已有的生活经历来猜测词义 有时,结合生活常识或自己的生活体验,也可以猜出一些生词的含义。例如: The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. “门很矮”,头肯定是撞到门的“横梁”上。 (文/王振祥; 英语辅导报高一版 04~05学年度第8期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |