2. 2003高考试题

　　A

　　Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor, St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将)of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.

　　Coming in a close second -- and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land -- is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcaim Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.

　　The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.

　　On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory (智利领土) .They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.

　　56. It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha .

　　A. was named after its discoverer

　　B. got its name from Holland settlers

　　C. was named by the British government

　　D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records

　　57. Which of the following is most famous for moai ?

　　A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island.

　　C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena.

　　58. Which country does Easter Island belong to?

　　A. Britain.B. Holland.C. Portugal.D. Chile.

　　答案与分析

　　56. A 这是一道事实细节题。文章第一段首句叙述了38平方英里的Tristan da Cunha岛是世界上最远的有人类居住的岛屿。我们再从该段中所提供的信息“Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in l506”得知，该岛是于1506年依照发现者葡萄牙海军上将的名字命名的。故答案为A。

　　57. C这是一道事实询问题。从文章第三段叙述的“giving them plenty of time to build more than l，000 huge stone figures，called moai，for which the island is most famous”可以看出，Easter Island 是以岛上居民建造的一千多个被叫作moai的巨大石像而著名，故答案为C。

　　58. D这是一道推理判断题，该题问Easter Island属于哪一个国家。四个选项的国家分别为英国、荷兰、葡萄牙、智利。我们从短文最后一段中叙述的“Today，2,000 people live on the Chilean territory.”可以推断出，Easter Island属于智利领土，D是正确选项。

　　B

　　Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).

　　The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.

　　Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.

　　The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.

　　59. What is mainly discussed in the text?

　　A. Children’s reading difficulties.B. Advantages of raising dogs.

　　C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.

　　60. Specialists use dogs to listen to children reading because they think ________.

　　A. dogs are young children’s best friends

　　B. children can play with dogs while reading

　　C. dogs can provide encouragement for shy children

　　D. children and dogs understand each other

　　61. By saying “The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea,” the writer means the library ______.

　　A. uses dogs to attract children B. accepts the idea put forward by ITA

　　C. has opened a children’s departmentD. has decided to train some dogs

　　62. A “pawgraphed” book is most probably _________.

　　A. a book used in Saturday classes B. a book written by the children

　　C. a prize for the children D. a gift from parents

　　答案与分析

　　59. D这是一道主旨大意题。短文首句“Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills”是文章的主题句。文中叙述了美国盐湖城的ITA组织认为，由于狗具有闪亮的棕色眼睛、摇摆的尾巴及无条件的爱，它为儿童获取自信心提供了“必要的听众”。利用对狗阅读来帮助儿童提高读写能力是一种独特的教育方法，故最佳选项为D。

　　60. C这是一道综合分析判断题。解答此题需要综合文中所提供的两处信息。一处是文章第二段中盐湖城图书馆儿童部的管理人员说“读写能力专家认为，阅读能力低于其他同学水平的儿童常常害怕在其他人面前高声朗读，他们缺乏自尊心，并把阅读看作是一件头疼的事情”。另一处是文章第一段中盐湖城的ITA组织所提出的狗能以自己的特性为儿童提供所需的听众。综合这两处信息就可以判断出，专家们用狗来听儿童朗读，其原因是他们认为狗能为对朗读产生羞怯感的儿童提供鼓励，故C是最佳选项。

　　61. B这是一道句意理解题。根据文中盐湖城图书馆儿童部的管理人员所说的、读写能力专家承认的事实——阅读能力低的儿童往往惧怕在别人面前大声朗读，他们缺乏自尊心，对阅读感到头疼，和他们在图书馆的儿童部举办“Dog Day Afternoon”活动，用对着狗阅读的方法来激励儿童朗读可以看出，作者所说的“The Salt Lake City Pubic Library is sold on the idea”的意思是这家图书馆接受了ITA组织提出的构想，故最佳选项为B。

　　62. C这是一道推理判断题。短文第三段叙述了去年11月份，在盐湖城图书馆的儿童部有两组儿童开始 “Dog Day Afternoon”活动，那些上了四堂课中的三堂课的学生，在最后会得到一本 “pawgraphed”书。由此可以推断出，a “pawgraphed” book是一个鼓励儿童阅读的奖品，故答案为C。

　　C

　　Tales From Animal Hospital

　　David Grant

　　David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery (外科手术) . Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake!

　　$14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster

　　ISBN 0751304417

　　Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer

　　Michael White

　　From the author of Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science, comes this colourful description of the life of the world’s first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact, Michael White’s learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic (魔术) ended and science began.

　　￡8.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth Estate

　　ISBN 1857024168

　　Fermat’ s Last Theorem

　　Simon Singh

　　In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem: Fermat’s Last Theorem (定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995. An unusual story of human effort over three centuries, Fermat’s Last Theorem will delight specialists and general readers alike.

　　￡12.99 Hardback 384 pp Fourth Estate

　　ISBN 1857025210

　　63. What is Animal Hospital?

　　A. A news story.B. A popular book.

　　C. A research report.D. A TV programme.

　　64. In Michael White’s book, Newton is described as _________.

　　A. a person who did not look the same as in many pictures

　　B. a person who lived a colourful and meaningful life

　　C. a great but not perfect man

　　D. an old-time magician

　　65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?

　　A. To encourage people-to raise questions.

　　B. To cause difficulty in understanding.

　　C. To provide a person with an explanation.

　　D. To limit people’s imagination.

　　66. The person who finally proved Fermat’s Last Theorem is _________.

　　A. Simon Singh B. Andrew Wiles

　　C. Pierre de Fermat D. a French woman scientist

　　67. What is the purpose of writing these three texts?

　　A. To make the books easier to read.B. To show the importance of science.

　　C. To introduce new authors. D. To sell the books.

　　答案与分析

　　63. D这是一道推理判断题。第一篇短文对“Tales From Animal Hospital”的内容进行了概括性介绍。综合该文中“David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital.”和“Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme”两处信息就可以推断出，“Animal Hospital”是一个电视节目的名字，“Tales From Animal Hospital”是一本书的名字，故答案为D。

　　64. C这是一道细节理解题。第二篇短文对“Isaac Newton：The East Sorcerer”一书进行了简要介绍。文中介绍了这是一本有趣而又基于事实，知识深奥而又趣味横生的新书，它从完全不同的角度对科学家牛顿进行了新的描述。从简介中的“Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses” (弱点)就可以看出，在该书中，作者Michael White把牛顿描写成一位伟大而又并不十分完美的人，故C是最佳选项。

　　65. B这是一道猜测词义题。一个单词的词意，往往因上下文不同而不同。根据上下文能正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算得上是有真正的阅读理解能力。第三篇短文对“Fermat’s Last Theorem”一书的介绍中有“the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds”一句，句中谓语部分为并列的两个过去分词，它们表达的意义相同，只不过是加强语气而已。我们从beat的本意“打败，战胜”(在该句中意为“使无法解答，难倒”)就可以猜测出baffle在该句中的意义，故答案为B。

　　66. B这是一道综合分析判断题。第三篇短文对“Fermat’s Last Theorem”进行了简要介绍。1963年一个名叫Andrew Wiles的男学生在学校图书馆读书时遇到了一个世界上最大的数学难题——“Fermat’s Last Theorem”。法国数学家Pierre de Fermat最早提出这一定理并难倒了最有数学才智的人。我们再根据简介中“Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in l995.”就可以推断出，这个定理是由Andrew Wiles最终证明的，故答案为B。

　　67. D这是一篇在驾驭全篇的基础上判断作者写作意图的题目。三篇短文对三本书的主要内容、特色和可读之处分别进行了扼要的介绍。我们再根据每篇短文的后边对每本书的价格、封面情况、页码以及国际标准图书编号的介绍就可以判断出，作者写此三篇短文的目的是为推销书而做的广告，故D是最佳选项。

　　D

　　There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying faster than others, and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese.

　　That product is foreign words.

　　Cairaigo -- words that come from outside -- have been part of the Japanese language for centuries. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.

　　But in the last few years the trickle (涓涓细流) of foreign words has become a flood, and people fear the increasing use of foreign words is making it hard for the Japanese to understand each other and could lead to many people forgetting the good qualities of traditional (传统的) Japanese.

　　“The popularity of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new,” says university lecturer and writer Takashi Saito. “By using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easier for the media (媒体) to pick up.”

　　“ Experts (专家) often study abroad and use English terms when they speak with people in their own fields. Those terms are then included in government white papery,” said Muturo Kai, president of the National Language Research Institute. “ Foreign words find their way easily into announcements made to the general public, when they should really be explained in Japanese.”

　　Against the flow of new words, many Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language. Saito’s Japanese to Be Read Aloud is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.

　　“ We were expecting to sell the books to young people,” said the writer, “ but it turns out they are more popular with the older generation, who seem uneasy about the future of Japanese.”

　　68. What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Japanese terms ?

　　A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.

　　B. Foreign words are best suited for announcements.

　　C. Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.

　　D. The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.

　　69. In the opinion of Takashi Saito, Japanese people _________.

　　A. are good at learning foreign languages B. are willing to learn about new things

　　C. trust the media D. respect experts

　　70. Which of the following plays an important part in the spread of foreign words?

　　A. The media and government papers.B. Best-selling Japanese textbooks.

　　C. The interest of young Japanese. D. Foreign products and experts.

　　71. The book Japanese to Be Read Aloud _______.

　　A. sells very well in Japan B. is supported by the government

　　C. is questioned by the old generation D. causes misunderstanding among the readers

　　答案与分析

　　68. A这是一道事实询问题，询问外来词有哪些优点超过传统的日语词语。根据文章第五段中大学讲师兼作家Takashi Saito说的 “By using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new .”就可以判断出，用外来词表达的思想听起来新鲜，故最佳选项为A。

　　69. B这是一道推理判断题。从文章第五段中Takashi Saito说的 “The popularity of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new” 得知，外来词普及的原因之一是日本人对任何新事物都感兴趣。由此可以推断出，在Takashi Saito看来，日本人民非常愿意学习新事物，故答案为B。

　　70. A这是一道综合分析判断题。文章第五段中大学讲师兼作家Takashi Saito说，通过使用外来词，你能使话题更加新颖，这就使媒体更加容易接受。第六段中日本国语言研究所所长Muturo Kai说，英语词汇已出现在政府的白皮书中，并出现在向公众发布的通告上。综上所述，我们就可以判断出，媒体和政府文件在外来词的传播中起着重要的作用，故A为最佳选项。

　　71. A这是一道细节推理判断题。文章倒数第二段叙述了为了抵御外来新词的涌入，许多日本人正回头来学习自己的本族语。我们再根据该段中叙述的“Saito’s Japanese to Be Read Aloud is one of many language books that are now flying off (迅速地离开)booksellers’ shelves.”就可以推断出，作者Saito所写的Japanese to Be Read Aloud一书在日本很畅销，故A为最佳选项。

　　E

　　At one time, computers were expected largely to remove the need for paper copies of documents (文件) because they could be stored electronically. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.

　　It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. “I feel in my bones this revolution is causing more trees to be cut down,” says Ted Smith of the Earth Village Organisation.

　　Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new markets. Several Internet companies have been set up to help small businesses print quality documents from a computer. Earlier this week Hewlett-Packard Co. announced a plan to develop new technologies that will enable people to print even more so they can get a hard copy of a business document, a medical record or just a one-line e-mail, even if they are nowhere near a computer. As the company sees it, the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers.

　　Does all this mean environmental concerns (环境问题) have been forgotten? Some activists suggest people have been led to believe that a lot of dangers to the environment have gone away. “I guess people believe that the problem is taken care of, because of recycling (回收利用),” said Kelly Quirke, director of the Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco. Yet Quirke is hopeful that high-tech may also prove helpful. He says printers that print on both sides are growing in popularity. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.

　　72. The growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to .

　　A. the rapid development of small businesses

　　B. the opening up of new markets

　　C. the printing of high quality copies

　　D. the increased use of the Internet

　　73. Environmentalists believe one possible way of dealing with the paper situation is .

　　A. to encourage printing more quality documents

　　B. to develop new printers using recycled paper

　　C. to find new materials for making paper

　　D. to plant more fast growing trees

　　74. Hewlett-Packard Co. has decided to develop new technologies because .

　　A. people are concerned about the environment

　　B. printers in many offices are working overtime

　　C. small companies need more hard copies

　　D. they see a growing market for printers

　　75. What would be the best title for the text ?

　　A. Computers and Printers B. E-mail and the Business World

　　C. Internet Revolution and Environment D. Modern Technology and New Markets

　　答案与分析

　　72. D这是一道事实判断题。文章第二段说很难计算出因为互联网的应用所使用纸张的数量。再根据办公室工作人员所说的，电子邮件一被采用，打印机就超时地工作。由此可知，近年来纸张需求量的不断增长是由于互联网使用的增长，故D是最佳选项。

　　73. C这是一道推理判断题。阅读文章可以看出，互联网使用的增长，导致了印刷纸张需求量的不断增长。由于纸张是木材制成的，这就需要砍伐更多的树木，破坏了生态平衡，出现了环境问题。短文最后一段叙述了环境保护者对环境问题的关切，该段末句提出了用其它材料比如农业废物可以造纸，而且已被大众接受。由此可以推断出，环境保护者认为，解决由纸张而引发的环境问题的一个可能的方法就是为造纸寻找新的原料，故答案为C。

　　74. D这是一道综合分析判断题。短文第三段叙述了计算机和互联网的使用提高了纸张的需求量是由于高科技工业，它们把印刷业看作是最有市场的新行业之一。由此，Hewlett-Packard Co.宣布了他们将开发新技术产品的计划，该公司清楚地看到，如果互联网的使用不断增长，那么对打印机的需求量就越大。由此可以推断D为最佳选项。

　　75. C这是一道主旨大意题。这篇科技小品文叙述了由于互联网的使用，纸张需求量不断增加，引起了造纸原材料木材需求量的增长——需要砍伐更多的树木，从而引发了严重的环境问题。关于保护环境问题，文中谈到的废物利用以及使用其它原材料取代木材造纸，表明了人们对环境问题的关切。由此看来，全文的主题就是因特网革命和环境问题，故答案为C。