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第二章 专项突破冠词
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/15 14:45  新浪教育

  1. a与an的选用:一个单词或字母若是以元音音素(非元音字母)开头的,其前应用an;若以辅音音素(非辅音字母)开头,则其前选用a。

  an hour an H

  a house a BBC

  2. 表“类别”时,单数可数名词前加a (n) 表示一类事物,加the则指事物的整体,暗示与其他事物区别开来;复数名词前不加冠词。

  A/The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。

  3. 学科、季节、一日三餐等名词前一般不加冠词,但表特指时应加the。

  ①She is a newcomer to chemistry. (泛指)

  ②What’s the English for “钢琴”?(特指)

  4. 西洋乐器名词前要加the, 而中国民族乐器前不用冠词。

  Mr Green is good at playing the piano and Erhu (二胡)。

  5. 在特指两者中“较……的那个人或物”时,比较级前要加the;若泛指“一个较……的”概念时,比较级前应用a (n)。试比较:

  ①Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

  加拿大和澳大利亚,哪个国家比较大?

  ②I’ve never heard a better voice before (than that )

  我从没有听到过比那更好的一种嗓音。

  6. 序数词前一般用the 表示顺序;但有时用“a (n)+序数词”表示“再一、又一”。

  He had failed three times, but he wanted to try a fourth time .

  7. 当名词有后置定语时,其前多用the 以表示特指某人或某物;但若指一类事物时(尤其是下定义的句子),其前常用 a (n)。

  ①A shoe factory is a factory where shoes are made. (下定义)

  鞋厂就是生产鞋的工厂。

  ②She was so struck by the beauty of nature in Hangzhou.(特指)

  她也被杭州的自然之美震惊了。

  8. 单数可数名词前不用a (n)的情况。

  (1) 连系动词turn后的单数可数名词作表语时或系动词be后的单数可数名词形容词化后。

  ①After graduation from college he turned teacher (became a teacher).

  大学毕业后,他当了教师。(一名教师)

  ②Lily is American and Li Tao is Chinese. 丽丽是美国人,李涛是中国人。

  (2) as/though引导的让步状语从句中的名词移至句首时。

  ①Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.

  又可以表达为: Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子,知道的却很多。

  (3)man意为“人类”,word 意为“消息”时,其前不用冠词。

  Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in World Cup.

  有消息说中国女足在世界杯比赛中获得第二名。

  直击高考

  1.The sign reads “In case of fire, break the glass and push red button.”.(NMET2003)

  A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; theD. a; a

  2. There’s ___ dictionary on______ desk by your side. (2003北京)

  A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the

  3. Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____ thirteenth century. (NMET1999)

  A. the ; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填

  4. It is not rare in ____ that people in ____ fifties are going to university for further education.

  A. 90s; their B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their

  5. Summers in _____south of France are for _____most part dry and Sunny. (NMET2000)

  A. 不填; a B. the; 不填 C. 不填; 不填 D. the; the

  6. Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ____different kind unless they hunt them for food. (NMET2000)

  A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; the D. 不填; the

  7. Mr Smith, there’s a man at _____front door who says he has _____news for you of great importance. (2001春招)

  A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; 不填 D. 不填; the

  8. On ______ news today, there were _______ reports of heavy snow in that area. (2004北京 春)

  A. the; theB. the; 不填 C. 不填;不填D. 不填;the

  答案与解析

  1. B题中的fire作“火灾”解,常为可数名词,但此处应作不可数名词,所以第一空不填;button为可数名词,red button此处表示特指,其前应用定冠词。故答案为B。

  2. A第一空为泛指,意思是“一本”,因此用不定冠词;第二空极易错选a,我们要注意desk后的by your side。介词短语在这里作定语,修饰desk,因此为特指,故最佳答案为A。

  3. C in use 是惯用法,在序数词前需要用the。

  4. D该句在in the 90s与in one’s 50s之间的区别,前者用定冠词,表示90年代,而后者用了one’s, 表示在某在某人在50多岁的时候。

  5. D in the south of…表示在……的南部,the与south连用,表示该名词具有独特性质;the most构成最高级。

  6. B “animals of a different kind”中的animals无需限定,本身又为复数名词,不用冠词,kind作种类”解时为可数名词,a表达“任何”。

  7. A句中的 “at the front door”为具体所指,故应有冠词,而第二个空中的名词news为“抽象名词”,故不用任何冠词,而且news又是不可数名词。

  8. B 第一空后面有today限定,因此为特指,用定冠词the,第二空reports运用复数表示一类,因此前面不加冠词。

  专项训练

  1. ____ we are having these days!

  A. What a fine weather B. How a fine weather

  C. What fine weather D. How fine weather

  2. ____ brightly colored pills can be mistaken for sweets and they should be kept under ____lock and key.

  A. The; the B. The; / C. /; the D. /; /

  3. ____ poet and ____writer is to give us a report tomorrow.

  A. A; a B. The;/ C. The; the D. A; the

  4. Is this ____umbrella I chose just now?

  A. a B. an C. the D. /

  5. ____Reads are invited to their wedding.

  A. A B. An C. The D. /

  6. After he left ____ university, he turned____ doctor.

  A. an; a B. a; a C. the; / D. /; /

  7. As____ honest judge, he tried to protect ____ people.

  A. an; the B. a; the C. the; / D. the; the

  8. His hometown is on ____ East Sea and his father is at ____ sea.

  A. /; / B. the; the C. the; a D. the; /

  9. He has tried twice, and he is asked to have ____third try.

  A. the B. another C. a D. one

  10. _____China is ____old country with ____ long history.

  A. /; an; a B. The; an; a C. /; an; / D. /; the; a

  11. Every day people throw away a lot of _____ rubbish. How to get rid of ____ rubbish is ____big problem.

  A. the; / ; a B. /; the; / C. /; the; a D. /; the; the

  12.You wouldn’t have caught such ____bad cold if you hadn’t been caught in ____rain.

  A. a; / B. a; a C. a; the D. /; /

  13.There is ____bus stop over there. You can take ____ No. 10 Bus going down ____ Second Street.

  A. a; a; / B. a; a; the C. the; the; the D. a; / ; the

  14.—I feel ____ bit thirsty.

  —I’ll get you____ drink of water.

  A. a; / B. a; the C. /; a D. a; a

  15. He walked on _____tiptoe so as not to disturb____ other reader in ____reading-room.

  A. the; the; the B. the; /; a C. /; the; the D. /; / ; the

  16. ____English-Chinese dictionary is ____useful tool for us.

  A. An; an B. An; a C. /; an D. The; the

  17. _____birds can fly very high in ____sky.

  A. The; a B. The; the C. The; / D./ ;/

  18. Before ____December 20 he posted ____ Christmas card to her.

  A. /; a B. the;/ C. /; / D. a; /

  19. ____plane my friend took flew____ west.

  A. A; the B. A; a C. The; the D. The; /

  20. Jumping out of_______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_______exciting experience.

  A. /; theB. /; anC. an; anD. the; the

  答案与解析

  1. C weather, fun, information等抽象名词通常不可具体化,故不与a (n) 连用。

  2. D brightly colored pills 是泛指,不用冠词; under lock and key是习语,意为“上着锁”。

  3. B 由系动词is 得知,主语为单数,说明poet和 writer指同一人,即“诗人兼作家”,故只需用一个冠词。

  4. C umbrella后带一个限制性定语从句,系特指,其前用定冠词。

  5. C 姓氏的复数形式与the连用,可表示一家人或夫妇二人。

  6. D leave/finish+school/university表“毕业”,系泛指;系动词turn接单数可数名词作表语时,名词前不带冠词。

  7. A 不定冠词加单数可数名词表示“一类人”;由于honest以元音音素开头,应当用an。 people指“人民”。

  8. D 由普通名词构成的江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等专有名词前通常加the;at sea是习语,意为“在海上”。

  9. C 不定冠词a (n)与序数词连用,可表示“再一,又一”。

  10. A China是专有名词,不用冠词;old为元音音素开头,用an;a (…) history是习惯表达。

  11. C第一个rubbish是泛指,为不可数名词;第二个rubbish为再次出现,系特指,应用定冠词; a big problem 是泛指。

  12. C catch a (…) cold,be caught in the rain皆为习语。

  13. A a bus stop和a No.10 Bus都是泛指;英语中以序数词为名的街道前不用冠词。

  14. D a bit十形容词表示“有一点”;a drink of water意为“一杯水”。

  15. C on tiptoe是习语,意为“用脚尖走路”;the other readers指阅览室的其他所有读者;在阅览室里是特指。

  16. B 两个空都用不定冠词,表示泛指;useful 以辅音音素开头,应当用a。

  17. B 并非所有的鸟都能在天空中飞得很高,该处自然是特指;sky“天空”是独一无二的,应当用定冠词。

  18. A 在年月日之前通常不用冠词;第二空用不定冠词表示数量。

  19. D plane在该句中是先行词,后接一定语从句,系特指;该句中fly为不及物动词,因此后接的是副词而不是名词,故不用冠词(fly west=fly to the west)。

  20. C 第一空用an表达一类,第二空用an表达“一次(兴奋的经历)”。


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