从含蓄条件句看真实条件句和非真实条件句中介词 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/01/24 10:51 英语辅导报 |
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的不一定是事实,可能有时甚至与事实相反。真实条件句用陈述语气,因为句子表示的假想是真实的或有可能实现的;而非真实条件所表示的是假设的或实现可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 有时,在实际应用中真实条件或非真实条件不以条件从句形式出现(即带if的从句),而可以通过介词或介词短语来表示,我们可以称之为含蓄条件句(sentences of implied condition)。下面,就和大家共同探讨含蓄条件句里的真实条件句和非真实条件句中介词或介词短语的运用: 一、 介词或介词短语在真实条件句中的运用:with, in case of, in the event of 等通常用在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。 1. with With a little assistance, Alexander will succeed. (with=if he is given,表示真实条件,本句用的是陈述语气。) 2. in case of 万一 In case of fire, please dial this number. (in case of fire=if a fire breaks out,表示真实条件,本句用的是陈述语气。) 3. in the event of 如果……发生,万一 In the event of bad weather, we shall/will have to cancel the picnic. (in the event of bad weather=if the weather turns out bad, 表示真实条件,本句用的是陈述语气。) 二、介词或介词短语在非真实条件句中的运用:without, but for, in the absence of, under, but that等通常用在非真实条件句中,要用虚拟语气。 1. without I would have failed in the examination without your help. (without=if it had not been for,表示同过去相反的非真实条件句,本句用的是虚拟语气。) 2. but for 要不是 But for your timely rescue, the boy would have drowned. (but for=if it had not been for, 表示同过去相反的非真实条件句,本句用的是虚拟语气。) 3. in the absence of 缺乏……时,当……不在时 In the absence of the keeper, the warehouse would have been burned down. (in the absence of the keeper=if the keeper had been absent, 表示同过去相反的非真实条件句,本句用的是虚拟语气。) 4. under We might have done better in our research under more favorable conditions. (under= if we had worked under, 表示同过去相反的非真实条件句,本句用的是虚拟语气。) 5. but that 若非 But that your guidance, we should/would fail. (but that=if it were not for, 表示同现在相反的非真实条件,本句用的是虚拟语气。) 总之,可以替代if并构成含蓄条件句的介词和介词短语还有很多,我们在学习过程中,要注意观察和辨析,掌握好介词和介词短语在含蓄条件句里的真实条件句和非真实条件句中的运用。 (文/姚文俊;英语辅导报 大学二年级版 04~05学年第17期; 版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |