“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。为便于同学们学习掌握，笔者扼要地对它的几种考查热点进行了归纳和解析，希望同学们能举一反三，加以掌握并运用。

　　考点1 简单介词+关系代词

　　知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。

　　高考考例：

　　1. (2004全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days.

　　A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which

　　解析：关系代词which指代the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案选A。

　　2. (2004全国卷) The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.

　　A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

　　解析：本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year's party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。

　　3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently.

　　A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

　　解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语，介词with 可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。

　　考点2 复杂介词+关系代词

　　知识归纳： 用于此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。例如：

　　We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.

　　Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided?

　　考点3 简单介词+关系代词+名词

　　知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。

　　高考考例：

　　(1995上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.

　　A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which

　　解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。

　　考点4 the+ 名词+of+关系代词

　　知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。

　　高考考例：

　　(2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.

　　A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

　　解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+ 名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。

　　考点5 表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词

　　知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。

　　高考考例：

　　1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.

　　A. the larger

　　B. the larger of them

　　C. the larger one that

　　D. the larger of which

　　解析：答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。

　　2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.

　　A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that

　　解析：答案为A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。

　　备考练习：

　　1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _______ is a hospital.

　　A. in where

　　B. to the east of which

　　C. to the east of it

　　D. in the east of that

　　2. My brother's purse, _______ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus.

　　A. there B. which C. in which D. that

　　3. The football match _______ the students competed yesterday was very wonderful.

　　A. in which B. which C. in that D. that

　　4. The reason _______ he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour.

　　A. which B. in which C. for which D. of which

　　5. His glasses, _______ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy.

　　A. which B. without which C. with which D. without those

　　6. The computer, _______ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle.

　　A. which B. for which C. that D. to that

　　7. In the past we lost many chances, _______ we paid little attention.

　　A. which B. that C. in which D. to which

　　8. The pen, _______ I had been writing for ten years, was broken.

　　A. with which B. with that C. as D. with it

　　9. Mary has two brothers, ________ are doctors.

　　A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. whom of both

　　10. The problem _______ you argued about yesterday has been solved.

　　A. that B. what C. why D. for which

　　11. My aunt bought me a book, the name _______ I have forgotten.

　　A. of it B. which C. whose D. of which

　　12. On the way home I met my friend John, from _______ home the thief had stolen a computer.

　　A. whom B. which C. that D. whose

　　13. I hate the way _______ you talk to your mother.

　　A. by which B. on which C. in which D. which

　　14. At last we found the hole in the wall _______ the mouse got into the house last night.

　　A. in which B. which C. through which D. by which

　　15. There are three girls in the room, ________ is Tom's sister.

　　A. the tallest of which

　　B. the tallest of whom

　　C. tallest of that

　　D. tallest of which

　　16. I'll never forget the day _______ I bought my own guitar with my own money.

　　A. where B. on which C. on when D. that

　　17. She is just the girl, with _______ my brother came to visit me last month.

　　A. whom B. her C. that D. who

　　18. Last night we saw two movies, _______ was interesting.

　　A. both of which

　　B. neither of which

　　C. both of them

　　D. neither of them

　　19. This is the house in _______ I was born thirty years ago.

　　A. it B. there C. which D. that

　　20. The reason for _______ he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.

　　A. which B. why C. that D. it

　　Key:

　　1—5 BCACB 6—10 BDABA 11—15 DDCCB 16—20 BABCA

　　(文/吕国生； 英语通高一版 04~05学年度第12期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)