“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/02/21 15:21 英语通 |
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。为便于同学们学习掌握,笔者扼要地对它的几种考查热点进行了归纳和解析,希望同学们能举一反三,加以掌握并运用。 考点1 简单介词+关系代词 知识归纳:用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which;介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定;或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定;或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定,并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开,介词仍然放在动词之后。 高考考例: 1. (2004全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 解析:关系代词which指代the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是:The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案选A。 2. (2004全国卷) The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析:本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year's party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。 3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 解析:先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语,介词with 可以放在关系代词之前,identify...as...意为“把……当作……”,故答案选D。 考点2 复杂介词+关系代词 知识归纳: 用于此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有:as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。例如: We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden. Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided? 考点3 简单介词+关系代词+名词 知识归纳:用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。 高考考例: (1995上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which 解析:介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里,我似乎直到下午5:30才有空,那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。 考点4 the+ 名词+of+关系代词 知识归纳:用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。 高考考例: (2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 解析:答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+ 名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。 考点5 表示部分的词语+of+关系代词 知识归纳:此时,指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有:不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词,序数词,分数和百分数);数词+名词;the +最高级/比较级,以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。 高考考例: 1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 解析:答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。 2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 解析:答案为A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本题意为:这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。 备考练习: 1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _______ is a hospital. A. in where B. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the east of that 2. My brother's purse, _______ he put ¥1,000, was missing on the bus. A. there B. which C. in which D. that 3. The football match _______ the students competed yesterday was very wonderful. A. in which B. which C. in that D. that 4. The reason _______ he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour. A. which B. in which C. for which D. of which 5. His glasses, _______ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B. without which C. with which D. without those 6. The computer, _______ he paid ¥3,000, was once owned by his uncle. A. which B. for which C. that D. to that 7. In the past we lost many chances, _______ we paid little attention. A. which B. that C. in which D. to which 8. The pen, _______ I had been writing for ten years, was broken. A. with which B. with that C. as D. with it 9. Mary has two brothers, ________ are doctors. A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. whom of both 10. The problem _______ you argued about yesterday has been solved. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 11. My aunt bought me a book, the name _______ I have forgotten. A. of it B. which C. whose D. of which 12. On the way home I met my friend John, from _______ home the thief had stolen a computer. A. whom B. which C. that D. whose 13. I hate the way _______ you talk to your mother. A. by which B. on which C. in which D. which 14. At last we found the hole in the wall _______ the mouse got into the house last night. A. in which B. which C. through which D. by which 15. There are three girls in the room, ________ is Tom's sister. A. the tallest of which B. the tallest of whom C. tallest of that D. tallest of which 16. I'll never forget the day _______ I bought my own guitar with my own money. A. where B. on which C. on when D. that 17. She is just the girl, with _______ my brother came to visit me last month. A. whom B. her C. that D. who 18. Last night we saw two movies, _______ was interesting. A. both of which B. neither of which C. both of them D. neither of them 19. This is the house in _______ I was born thirty years ago. A. it B. there C. which D. that 20. The reason for _______ he failed in the exam was that he was too careless. A. which B. why C. that D. it Key: 1—5 BCACB 6—10 BDABA 11—15 DDCCB 16—20 BABCA (文/吕国生; 英语通高一版 04~05学年度第12期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |